The visa waiver agreement between the European Union and Serbia means that travelers may enter the EU just by presenting their passport to border control officials upon their arrival. Demande d'appel. Orthodox Christians with 6,079,396 comprise 84.5% of country's population. [339], Serbia spent 0.9% of GDP on scientific research in 2017, which is slightly below the European average. In Carska Bara, there are over 300 bird species on just a few square kilometres. The Serbia men's national water polo team is the one of the most successful national teams, having won Olympic gold medal in 2016, three World Championships (2005, 2009 and 2015), and seven European Championships in 2001, 2003, 2006, 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018, respectively. [381][382][383][384][385] She is honoured with statues, postage stamps, and the names of streets across Serbia. Serbia was occupied by the Central Powers. [445], Serbians claim their country as the birthplace of rakia (rakija), a highly alcoholic drink primarily distilled from fruit. The most beloved face of Serbian literature was Desanka Maksimović, who for seven decades remained the leading lady of Yugoslav poetry. The energy sector is one of the largest and most important sectors to the country's economy. [358], Serbian painting showed the influence of Biedermeier and Neoclassicism as seen in works by Konstantin Danil,[359] Arsenije Teodorović and Pavel Đurković. Led by Miloš Obrenović, it ended with a compromise between Serbian revolutionaries and Ottoman authorities. [441] There are one daily newspaper devoted to sports – Sportski žurnal, one business daily Privredni pregled, two regional newspapers (Dnevnik published in Novi Sad and Narodne novine from Niš), and one minority-language daily (Magyar Szo in Hungarian, published in Subotica). [30] The most famous of these was Constantine the Great, the first Christian Emperor, who issued an edict ordering religious tolerance throughout the Empire. Europe ist eine 1979 gegründete schwedische Hard-Rock-Band. [299] In addition to this, there are mazute and gas-operated thermal-power plants with an installed power of 353 MW. [292][293] Coal is found in two large deposits: Kolubara (4 billion tonnes of reserves) and Kostolac (1.5 billion tonnes). From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Serbia lies between latitudes 41° and 47° N, and longitudes 18° and 23° E. The country covers a total of 88,361 km2 (including Kosovo), which places it at 113th place in the world; with Kosovo excluded, the total area is 77,474 km2,[1] which would make it 117th. A total of 31 Serbian players have played in the NBA in last three decades, including Nikola Jokić (2019 All-NBA First team and two-time NBA All-Star), Predrag "Peja" Stojaković (2011 NBA champion and three-time NBA All-Star), and Vlade Divac (2001 NBA All-Star and Basketball Hall of Famer). [13][14][15], A unitary parliamentary constitutional republic, Serbia is a member of the UN, CoE, OSCE, PfP, BSEC, CEFTA, and is acceding to the WTO. Serbia notably manufactures intel smartphones named Tesla smartphones. Ihren größten Erfolg erzielte die Gruppe 1986 mit dem Lied The Final Countdown sowie dem dazugehörigen Album. [374] In the era of national revival, in the first half of the 19th century, Vuk Stefanović Karadžić collected Serbian folk literature, and reformed the Serbian language and spelling,[375] paving the way for Serbian Romanticism. [347], For centuries straddling the boundaries between East and West, the territory of Serbia had been divided among the Eastern and Western halves of the Roman Empire; then between Byzantium and the Kingdom of Hungary; and in the Early modern period between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Empire. There are two literary monuments on UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme: the 12th-century Miroslav Gospel, and scientist Nikola Tesla's archive. [133] The fall of Milošević ended Yugoslavia's international isolation. [283] Main industrial sectors include: automotive, mining, non-ferrous metals, food-processing, electronics, pharmaceuticals, clothes. In 1998, continued clashes between the Albanian guerilla Kosovo Liberation Army and Yugoslav security forces led to the short Kosovo War (1998–99), in which NATO intervened, leading to the withdrawal of Serbian forces and the establishment of UN administration in the province. In 1718–39, the Habsburg Monarchy occupied much of Central Serbia and established the Kingdom of Serbia as crownland. Serbian nationals are allowed to visit all Schengen countries without having to apply for a visa until 2022 for business, tourism or transit purposes. A traditional Serbian welcome is to offer bread and salt to guests. Noted painters of the second half of 20th century include Marko Čelebonović, Petar Lubarda, Milo Milunović, Ljubomir Popović and Vladimir Veličković. [82] From 1815 to 1903, the Principality of Serbia was ruled by the House of Obrenović, save for the rule of Prince Aleksandar Karađorđević between 1842 and 1858. It is a blend of folk music with pop and/or dance elements and can be seen as a result of the urbanisation of folk music. Pavić is widely acclaimed Serbian author of the beginning of the 21st century, most notably for his Dictionary of the Khazars, which has been translated into 38 languages. :: Italy-Serbia: Enhancing Entrepreneurial Development", "Serbia Energy Business Magazine – Energy Sector Serbia", "Biz – Vesti – Kravčenko: NIS je već sada broj 1", "Transnafta – Home – About us – Company's activity", "Serbia, Republic of Srpska sign joint statement on Gornja Drina hydropower project", "Serbian, RS PMs sign document to build hydropower plants", "Potpisan komercijalni ugovor za auto-put Preljina–Požega", Serbia to invest 800 mln euro in Morava Corridor motorway project, http://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2019/PdfE/G20191062.pdf, https://seenews.com/news/air-serbia-passenger-traffic-grows-95-in-2019-685391, https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2019/Pdf/G20192052.pdf, "Investing in Serbia: Modern Infrastructure, Transport", "Serbia Times Daily News – Dacic: Tourism records positive growth rates", "Office of the Republic of Serbia, data for 2019", Ljajić: Cilj je 1,7 milijardi dolara od turizma u 2019. godini, "Putovanja – Porast broja turista u Beogradu u 2013. [322][323], Serbia is not a mass-tourism destination but nevertheless has a diverse range of touristic products. [165], Serbia is one of few European countries with very high risk exposure to natural hazards (earthquakes, storms, floods, droughts). [312][313] Coach transport is very extensive: almost every place in the country is connected by bus, from largest cities to the villages; in addition there are international routes (mainly to countries of Western Europe with large Serb diaspora). [183] In area around the city of Kikinda, in the northernmost part of the country, some 145 endangered long-eared owls are noted, making it the world's biggest settlement of these species. Serbia is a parliamentary republic, with the government divided into legislative, executive, and judiciary branches. Banjica concentration camp was the largest concentration camp and jointly run by the German army and Nedić's regime,[109] with primary victims being Serbian Jews, Roma, and Serb political prisoners. Since 1990, the official name of the country has been the Republic of Serbia. [350][351], Serbia has five cultural monuments inscribed in the list of UNESCO World Heritage: the early medieval capital Stari Ras and the 13th-century monastery Sopoćani; the 12th-century Studenica monastery; the Roman complex of Gamzigrad–Felix Romuliana; medieval tombstones Stećci; and finally the endangered Medieval Monuments in Kosovo (the monasteries of Visoki Dečani, Our Lady of Ljeviš, Gračanica and Patriarchal Monastery of Peć).[352]. [232][233], Serbia is a unitary state[234] composed of municipalities/cities, districts, and two autonomous provinces. From this epoch, the oldest Serbian Cyrillic book editorial are the Miroslav Gospels from 1186. Serbian monasteries are the pinnacle of Serbian medieval art. č школска година", "Academic Ranking of World Universities – 2013 – Top 500 universities – Shanghai Ranking – 2013 – World University Ranking – 2013", Serbia R&D expenditure as a share of GDP, 1960-2018 - knoema.com, "CERN Council unanimously adopts resolution for Serbia to become full member", "Blic Online – Više od 10.000 naučnika napustilo Srbiju", https://www.serbianmonitor.com/en/serbia-generates-over-1-bln-euro-in-ict-exports-for-the-first-time-ever/, "The gender gap in science: How long until women are equally represented? [255] Atheists numbered 80,053, or 1.1% of the population, and an additional 4,070 declared themselves to be agnostics. [248] Bosniaks with 145,278 are concentrated in Raška (Sandžak), in the southwest. Draginac and Loznica massacre of 2,950 villagers in Western Serbia in 1941 was the first large execution of civilians in occupied Serbia by Germans, with Kragujevac massacre and Novi Sad Raid of Jews and Serbs by Hungarian fascists being the most notorious, with over 3,000 victims in each case. [268] The unemployment remains an acute problem, with rate of 12.7% as of 2018[update]. "Republic of Serbia" redirects here. It formed a tribal state, building several fortifications, including their capital at Singidunum (present-day Belgrade) and Naissos (present-day Niš). Serbia became a constituent republic within the SFRY known as the Socialist Republic of Serbia, and had a republic-branch of the federal communist party, the League of Communists of Serbia. Following the Kosovo War, UN peacekeepers entered Kosovo and Metohija, as per UNSC Resolution 1244. [279], Agricultural production is most prominent in Vojvodina on the fertile Pannonian Plain. This means that Serbian citizens with an approved ETIAS can travel to any of the Schengen zone countries without the need to apply for a visa. The total forest area in Serbia is 2,252,000 ha (1,194,000 ha or 53% are state-owned, and 1,058,387 ha or 47% are privately owned) or 0.3 ha per inhabitant. Serbia has seen influences of Republic of Venice as well, mainly though trade, literature and romanesque architecture. Numerous monuments and cultural sites were destroyed at various stages of Serbian history, with destruuction in Kosovo being the recent example. [288] Some of the international brand-names established production in Serbia: PepsiCo and Nestlé in food-processing sector; Coca-Cola (Belgrade), Heineken (Novi Sad) and Carlsberg (Bačka Palanka) in beverage industry; Nordzucker in sugar industry. Pro-decentralisation reformers in Yugoslavia succeeded in the late 1960s in attaining substantial decentralisation of powers, creating substantial autonomy in Kosovo and Vojvodina, and recognising a distinctive "Muslim" nationality. [159] In the north, the climate is more continental, with cold winters, and hot, humid summers along with well-distributed rainfall patterns. basketball champions league europe cup men eurocup women. Most applications are processed within 24 hours, although others may take up to 3 business days. [186] Some cities suffer from water supply problems, due to mismanagement and low investments in the past, as well as water pollution (like the pollution of the Ibar River from the Trepča zinc-lead combinate,[187] affecting the city of Kraljevo, or the presence of natural arsenic in underground waters in Zrenjanin). [215], Serbia began cooperation and dialogue with NATO in 2006, when the country joined the Partnership for Peace programme and the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council. [139] Serbia officially applied for membership in the European Union on 22 December 2009,[140] and received candidate status on 1 March 2012, following a delay in December 2011. Famous Serbian filmmaker Emir Kusturica won two Golden Palms for Best Feature Film at the Cannes Film Festival, for When Father Was Away on Business in 1985 and then again for Underground in 1995; he has also won a Silver Bear at the Berlin Film Festival for Arizona Dream and a Silver Lion at the Venice Film Festival for Black Cat, White Cat. [235], The Constitution of Serbia recognizes two autonomous provinces, Vojvodina in the north, and the disputed territory of Kosovo and Metohija in the south,[235] while the remaining area of Central Serbia never had its own regional authority. Once the traveler has decided in which European city they would like to seek employment, the next step would be to visit an embassy or consulate for this country to request a work visa. Français : Carte des opérations de la campagne de Serbie (1915) Datum: 23. [287], Food industry is well known both regionally and internationally and is one of the strong points of the economy. There are 247 radio stations in Serbia. In September … In 1876, Serbia declared war on the Ottoman Empire, siding with the ongoing Christian uprisings in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Bulgaria. Novak Djokovic has won seventeen Grand Slam singles title and has held the No. Belgrade is the only city with more than a million inhabitants and there are four more with over 100,000 inhabitants.[251]. No hay justicia para las víctimas de los bombardeos de la OTAN. Clockwise from top left: Republics and autonomous provinces of the, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, World War II, and the socialist Yugoslavia, Breakup of Yugoslavia, political transition and contemporary period, Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the. [78] By enacting a new constitution in 1869,[79] without consulting the Porte, Serbian diplomats confirmed the de facto independence of the country. Any spelling or typing mistakes in the applicant’s personal information, passport details, or email address may result in delays, or even in the refusal of the visa waiver application. During the 11th and 12th century, Serbian state frequently fought with the neighbouring Byzantine Empire. The kolo is the traditional collective folk dance, which has a number of varieties throughout the regions. Several days after the battle began the German forces committed a massacre of approximately 2,000 civilians in an event known as the Kraljevo massacre, in a reprisal for the attack. [205], Serbia has established diplomatic relations with 191 UN member states, the Holy See, the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, and the European Union. Children enroll in elementary schools at the age of seven. [278] Agricultural exports constitute more than one-fifth of all Serbia's sales on the world market. [178], The most common trees are oak, beech, pines, and firs. [292] Despite being small on a world scale, Serbia's oil and gas resources (77.4 million tonnes of oil equivalent and 48.1 billion cubic metres, respectively) have a certain regional importance since they are largest in the region of former Yugoslavia as well as the Balkans (excluding Romania). Since the entire process takes part online, Serbian citizens will not need to visit an embassy or consulate in order to obtain the travel authorization. 40+ Countries. [228] It is an observer member of the Collective Securities Treaty Organisation (CSTO)[229] The country also signed the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe. It generated over $1.2 billion in exports in 2018, both from international investors and a significant number of dynamic homegrown enterprises. [271] In metallurgy sector, Chinese steel and copper giants, Hesteel and Zijin Mining have acquired key complexes. [162] One of the climatic features of Serbia is Košava, a cold and very squally southeastern wind which starts in the Carpathian Mountains and follows the Danube northwest through the Iron Gate where it gains a jet effect and continues to Belgrade and can spread as far south as Niš. Serbian Orthodox Church was organized as an autocephalous archbishopric in 1219,[43] through the effort of Sava, the country's patron saint, and in 1346 it was raised to the Patriarchate. Defence exports totaled around $600 million in 2018. | BTURN", "Lepa Brena: "A Yugoslav" – Remembering Yugoslavia", "Restauriran najstariji srpski igrani film", "Razvoj filma i kinematografije u Srbiji", https://www.filmneweurope.com/countries/serbia, http://www.seecult.org/vest/povecan-broj-publike-u-bioskopima-u-srbiji, "Serbian Film Icon Milena Dravic Dies After Lengthy Illness", "Prizrenska svila i stari srpski nakit - Kako je Milena Dravić haljinom očarala Kan", "Miloš Stojković Quoted in Serbian Daily Newspaper", "Newspapers - BalkanmediaKonrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. [195] As of 2019[update], Serbian defence budget amounts to $804 million. [191][192] Since then it has adopted 10 different constitutions. [373] Dositej Obradović was a prominent figure of the Age of Enlightenment, while the notable Classicist writer was Jovan Sterija Popović, although his works also contained elements of Romanticism. [230], Serbia is a major producer and exporter of military equipment in the region. [72] Likewise, Serbia was one of the first nations in the Balkans to abolish feudalism. The European Union visa waiver for Serbian citizens will allow travelers to enter any of the Schengen countries included in the ETIAS agreement for business, transit or leisure for a maximum of 90 days in any 180-day period. [395][396] The Serbian composers of the first generation Petar Konjović, Stevan Hristić, and Miloje Milojević maintained the national expression and modernised the romanticism into the direction of impressionism. Except for Belgrade, which has an elected local government, districts are regional centres of state authority, but have no powers of their own; they present purely administrative divisions. Bread is the basis of all Serbian meals, and it plays an important role in Serbian cuisine and can be found in religious rituals. File:Carte Campagne de Serbie-es.svg. Recognised minority languages are: Hungarian, Bosnian, Slovak, Croatian, Albanian, Romanian, Bulgarian, Rusyn, and Macedonian. During the breakup of Yugoslavia, Serbia formed a union with Montenegro,[11] which was peacefully dissolved in 2006, restoring Serbia's independence as a sovereign state for the first time since 1918. The effect of Alexander's dictatorship was to further alienate the non-Serbs living in Yugoslavia from the idea of unity.[105]. The Government is responsible for proposing legislation and a budget, executing the laws, and guiding the foreign and internal policies. [175] The book publishing market is dominated by several major publishers such as Laguna and Vulkan (both of which operate their own bookstore chains) and the industry's centrepiece event, annual Belgrade Book Fair, is the most visited cultural event in Serbia with 158,128 visitors in 2013. 19 juin 2020 - Découvrez le tableau "SERBIE-SERBIEN" de Daniel Laurent sur Pinterest. Education starts in either preschools or elementary schools. [citation needed]. [458] Ana Ivanovic (champion of 2008 French Open) and Jelena Janković were both ranked No. Further activities supporting development of culture are undertaken at local government level. In 167 BC the Roman province of Illyricum was established; the remainder was conquered around 75 BC, forming the Roman province of Moesia Superior; the modern-day Srem region was conquered in 9 BC; and Bačka and Banat in 106 AD after the Dacian Wars. [368], Notable medieval authors include Saint Sava, Jefimija, Stefan Lazarević, Constantine of Kostenets and others. The ETIAS visa waiver for Europe is a multiple-entry travel authorization with a validity of 3 years counting from the day it is approved. Over 300 kilometers of new motorways has been constructed in the last decade and additional 154 kilometers are currently under construction: A5 motorway (from north of Kruševac to Čačak) and 31 km-long segment of A2 (between Čačak and Požega). [84] Romani population stands at 147,604 according to the 2011 census but unofficial estimates place their actual number between 400,000 and 500,000. Applying for a new ETIAS is quick and hassle-free. The travel authorization will be necessary for short-term stays in Schengen member states of up to 90 days duration. [45] The Ottomans finally conquered the Serbian Despotate in 1459. Total length of roads is 45,419 km of which 962 km are "class-IA state roads" (i.e. 2,000+ Offices. The 20th century was dominated by the prose writers Meša Selimović (Death and the Dervish), Miloš Crnjanski (Migrations), Isidora Sekulić (The Cronicle of a Small Town Cemetery), Branko Ćopić (Eagles Fly Early), Borislav Pekić (The Time of Miracles), Danilo Kiš (The Encyclopedia of the Dead), Dobrica Ćosić (The Roots), Aleksandar Tišma (The Use of Man), Milorad Pavić and others. Tél. Dieses Werk … [24], Approximately around 6,500 years BC, during the Neolithic, the Starčevo, and Vinča cultures existed in the region of modern-day Belgrade. [203] The judiciary is overseen by the Ministry of Justice. In the highlands of Serbia these long poems are typically accompanied on a one-string fiddle called the gusle, and concern themselves with themes from history and mythology. Avec HRS, vous avez à votre disposition de nombreux hôtels à travers l'Europe. motorways); 4,517 km are "class-IB state roads" (national roads); 10,941 km are "class-II state roads" (regional roads) and 23,780 km are "municipal roads". [166] It is estimated that potential floods, particularly in areas of Central Serbia, threaten over 500 larger settlements and an area of 16,000 square kilometres. [204] [35][36][37] By the beginning of the 9th century, Serbia achieved a level of statehood. Serbia is one of the European countries with high numbers of registered national minorities, while the province of Vojvodina is recognizable for its multi-ethnic and multi-cultural identity. [106][107][108] After one year of occupation, around 16,000 Serbian Jews were murdered in the area, or around 90% of its pre-war Jewish population during The Holocaust in Serbia. If you enjoy, please leave a like and subscribe À Serbie Montenegro Ethnique Carte 1993 la page, voir politique carte politique des Montenegro, cartes physiques, des images satellite, le sens de marche, les grandes villes atlas, routes automobiles, [123] This ignited tensions between the communist leadership of the other republics of Yugoslavia, and awoke ethnic nationalism across Yugoslavia that eventually resulted in its breakup, with Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Macedonia declaring independence during 1991 and 1992. [325] Foreign exchange earnings from tourism were estimated at $1.5 billion. However, there are numerous artificial lakes, mostly due to hydroelectric dams, the biggest being Đerdap (Iron Gates) on the Danube with 163 km2 on the Serbian side[174] (a total area of 253 km2 is shared with Romania); Perućac on the Drina, and Vlasina. Serbia contains four terrestrial ecoregions: Balkan mixed forests, Dinaric Mountains mixed forests, Pannonian mixed forests, and Rodope montane mixed forests. ", https://www.nationalgeographic.rs/reportaze/clanci/13253-muzej-nikole-tesle_beograd_kultura_najbolji_eksponati.html, http://www.politika.rs/scc/clanak/449097/Muzej-Nikole-Tesle-postaje-republicka-ustanova, "Злакуско лончарство уписано на Репрезентативну листу Унеска", "Spirituality and Materiality on Serbian Frescoes", "Art in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries", "Painting and sculpture in the twentieth century", "The Rich History of Serbia's Pirot Rugs", "Magic and mystery weaved through threads of Pirot carpets", "International Collection – National Museum Belgrade", "Od stare k novoj književnosti (Barokne tendencije)", "Prosvećenost i počeci nove književnosti", "Predromantizam (Književnost Vukovog doba)", "Dictionary of the Khazars – Милорад Павић", "narodna biblioteka ima sest miliona knjiga - Google Search", "Vesti online / Scena / Kultura / Narodna biblioteka slavi 180. rođendan", "Aleksandar Gatalica Wins NIN Literary Prize", "Vladimir Tabasevic winner of NIN Literary Award", "Projekat Rastko: Istorija srpske kulture", "Stevan Stojanović Mokranjac (1856–1914)", "Istorija nacionalne muzike 1. Serbian comics emerged in the 1930s and the medium remains popular today. [263], The economy has been affected by the global economic crisis. The DOS announced that FR Yugoslavia would seek to join the European Union. A study by Vladimir Žerjavić estimates total war related deaths in Yugoslavia at 1,027,000, including 273,000 in Serbia. Mit OMV Smart Toll Europe und Ihrer OMV Card bieten wir Ihnen eine individuell auf Sie abgestimmte Mautlösung für ganz Europa. The First Serbian Constitution was adopted on 15 February 1835 (the anniversary of the outbreak of the First Serbian Uprising), making the country one of the first to adopt a democratic constitution in Europe. Click here to know more. Eligible citizens from over 60 countries —including Serbia— will need to complete a short application form with their name, date and place of birth, contact details. Additionally, citizens of Serbia may take part in business activities in the European Union for up to 90 days. [306], In November 2020 governments of Serbia and Srpska announced construction of three hydropower plants on the Drina estimated at EUR 520 million. From 1521 to 1552, Ottomans conquered Belgrade and regions of Syrmia, Bačka, and Banat. je novine, 1989. The music has its tradition from the First Serbian Uprising. The most popular sports in Serbia are football, basketball, tennis, volleyball, water polo and handball. Kostenlose Lieferung für viele Artikel! [321] Digital television transition has been completed in 2015 with DVB-T2 standard for signal transmission. Demande d'appel. Composer and musicologist Stevan Stojanović Mokranjac is considered the founder of modern Serbian music. Notable Serbian rock acts include Riblja Čorba, Bajaga i Instruktori, Disciplina Kičme, Ekatarina Velika, Partibrejkers, Električni Orgazam, Van Gogh, Kerber, Neverne Bebe, Ritam Nereda, Rambo Amadeus, S.A.R.S., Smak, YU Grupa and others. [189] The 1999 NATO bombing caused serious damage to the environment, with several thousand tonnes of toxic chemicals stored in targeted factories and refineries released into the soil and water basins.[190]. Compulsory education consists of eight grades of elementary school. He became the eighth player in history to achieve the Career Grand Slam and the third man to hold all four major titles at once and the first ever to do so on three different surfaces. In addition, there is a wide selection of Serbian editions of international magazines, such as Cosmopolitan, Elle, Men's Health, National Geographic, Le Monde diplomatique, Playboy, and Hello!, among others. [269] Blue-chip corporations making investments include: Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Siemens, Bosch, Philip Morris, Michelin, Coca-Cola, Carlsberg and others. [343] Nevertheless, there are several areas in which Serbia still excels such as growing information technology sector, which includes software development as well as outsourcing. The territory of modern Serbia was divided between Hungary, Bulgaria, the Independent State of Croatia and Italy (Greater Albania and Montenegro), while the remaining part of the occupied Serbia was placed under the military administration of the Nazi Germany, with Serbian puppet governments led by Milan Aćimović and Milan Nedić assisted by Dimitrije Ljotić's fascist organization Yugoslav National Movement (Zbor). [397][398] Other famous classical Serbian composers include Isidor Bajić, Stanislav Binički and Josif Marinković. [114] The Ustaše regime committed the Genocide of Serbs and systematically murdered approximately 300,000 to 500,000 Serbs.[115][116][117]. Other agricultural regions include Mačva, Pomoravlje, Tamnava, Rasina, and Jablanica.[280]. [246] Refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Serbia formed between 7% and 7.5% of its population at the time – about half a million refugees sought refuge in the country following the series of Yugoslav wars, mainly from Croatia (and to a lesser extent from Bosnia and Herzegovina) and the IDPs from Kosovo. The Yugoslav territory was the scene of a civil war between royalist Chetniks commanded by Draža Mihailović and communist partisans commanded by Josip Broz Tito. Almost all of Serbia's rivers drain to the Black Sea, by way of the Danube river. [302] National petrol company, Naftna Industrija Srbije (NIS), was acquired in 2008 by Gazprom Neft. [286] Serbia's mining industry is comparatively strong: Serbia is the 18th largest producer of coal (7th in the Europe) extracted from large deposits in Kolubara and Kostolac basins; it is also world's 23rd largest (3rd in Europe) producer of copper which is extracted by Zijin Bor Copper, a large copper mining company, acquired by Chinese Zijin Mining in 2018; significant gold extraction is developed around Majdanpek. When the EU visa waiver for Serbian citizens is launched to the public in late 2022, all travelers to Schengen countries from Serbia will need to obtain an ETIAS travel authorization through an online application. [369] Due to Ottoman occupation, when every aspect of formal literacy stopped, Serbia stayed excluded from the entire Renaissance flow in Western culture. Examples of Serbia's military. [424] Modern PFI Studios located in Šimanovci is nowadays Serbia's only major film studio complex; it consists of 9 sound stages and attracts mainly international productions, primarily American and West European. Serbian foreign policy is focused on achieving the strategic goal of becoming a member state of the European Union (EU). [180], Mountain of Tara in western Serbia is one of the last regions in Europe where bears can still live in absolute freedom. [423] There are 23 operating cinemas in the country, of which 13 are multiplexes (all but two belonging to either Cineplexx or CineStar chains), with total attendance reaching 4.8 million and comparatively high percentage of 20% of total sold tickets for domestic films. [13][14][15] With a population of 253,899, Hungarians are the largest ethnic minority in Serbia, concentrated predominantly in northern Vojvodina and representing 3.5% of the country's population (13% in Vojvodina). As of 2017[update], out of 432 web-portals (mainly on the .rs domain)[442] the most visited are online editions of printed dailies Blic and Kurir, news web-portal B92, and classifieds KupujemProdajem.