[18], In the 5th century, the Germanic Alemanni tribe settled in the Swiss Plateau. ETH achieved its reputation particularly in the fields of chemistry, mathematics and physics and there are 21 Nobel Laureates who are associated with the institution. [7], The official formal language used by: governmental institutions, print, news, schools/universities, courts, theatres and in any kind of written form is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, while the spoken language is Zürich German (Züritüütsch), one of the several more or less distinguishable, but mutually intelligible Swiss German dialects of Switzerland with roots in the medieval Alemannic German dialect groups. Nowadays with its 24,000 students and 1,900 graduations each year, the University of Zürich is the largest in Switzerland and offers the widest range of subjects and courses at any Swiss higher education institution. Zürich is a hub for railways, roads, and air traffic. Professional training incorporates a mix of practical work experience and academic study while, in general, emphasis is placed on obtaining a good level of general education and language ability. Since then there has been a shift towards the outlying areas of the agglomeration. Even so, standard English practice for German names is to either preserve the umlaut or replace it with the base letter followed by e (i.e. Les communes de la couronne groupent quant à elles 253 400 habitants, soit 30,9 % de la population de l’agglo-mération. Today, the city is divided into twelve districts (known as Kreis in German), numbered 1 to 12, each one of which contains between one and four neighborhoods: Most of the district boundaries are fairly similar to the original boundaries of the previously existing municipalities before they were incorporated into the city of Zürich. In 1970, only 2% of Zürich's inhabitants claimed to be not affiliated with any religious confession. Its summit can be reached easily by the Uetlibergbahn. In accordance with the loss by the large Swiss churches, the number of people declaring themselves as non-affiliated rose to 17% in the year 2000. [12] In 2019 Zürich was ranked among the ten most liveable cities in the world by Mercer together with Geneva and Basel.[13]. The financial sector generates around a quarter of the city's economic output and provides approximately 59'000 full-time equivalent jobs (16% of all employment in the City). The geographic (and historic) centre of the city is the Lindenhof, a small natural hill on the west bank of the Limmat, about 700 m (2,300 ft) north of where the river issues from Lake Zürich. But when in 1845 the Radicals regained power at Zürich, which was again the Federal capital for 1845–46, Zürich took the lead in opposing the Sonderbund cantons. The institution of the bike tunnel at the main railway station, originally planned for 2016, is currently (2016) delayed to at least 2019. The Treaty of Zürich between Austria, France, and Sardinia was signed in 1859.[28]. In response, the responsible city department points to the big investments made every year and mentions ongoing discussions that would finally lead to even better results. 6% of all foreigners who move to Switzerland come to the City of Zürich, emphasizing its central role as an economic hub. [33], In the 2019 federal election for the Swiss National Council the most popular party was the SPS which received 25.6% (-6) of the vote. It has two stages staging mostly avantgarde works by European directors. The city is home to two major Swiss football teams; Grasshopper Club Zürich founded in 1886 and FC Zürich founded in 1896, both competing in Switzerland's highest league. new parts of the city have risen into the spotlight. The next four most popular parties were the GPS (20.9%, +9.7), GLP (15.7%, +6.4), SVP (13.7%, -4.3), the FDP (11.8%, -2.2), the AL (4%, new), and the CVP (3.5%, -0.2). Also hiking trails are well marked with yellow signs, which give the hiker the probable time it will take them to reach their destination. Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the Municipal Council are carried out by the City Council. Regional commercial television station "TeleZüri" (Zürich Television) has its headquarters near Escher-Wyss Platz. Population Zürich is the largest city in Switzerland with a population of over 428'700, an increase of 19'500 since year 2000. A number of magazines from major publishers are based in Zürich. The production facilities for other commercial stations "Star TV", "u1" TV and "3+" are located in Schlieren. The Roman castle remained standing until the 7th century. Zurich est la ville la plus peuplée de Suisse avec une population de 415 215 habitants en décembre 2018 [5]. In 1996, an electronic trading platform replaced the open outcry trading system at the stock exchanges of Geneva (founded in 1850), Basel (1866), and Zürich (1873). Definition: 2012. Past themes have included lions (1986), cows (1998), benches (2003), teddy bears (2005), and huge flower pots (2009). The northernmost part of the municipality extends to the plain of the Glatt valley and to the saddle which makes the connection between the Glattal and Furttal. All three of those newspapers publish Sunday editions. The municipal building regulations (Article 9)[77] limit the construction of high-rise buildings to areas in the west and north of the city. An empirical analysis of the data for the agglomeration of Zurich in 2000 supports the transferability of Florida’s approach to the subregional level. Some 22.7% of inhabitants speak Standard German in their family environment ("at home"). Dramatically increasing, according to the last census in 2000, 8.8% now speak English. The name is interpreted as a derivation from a given name, possibly Gaulish personal name Tūros, for a reconstructed native form of the toponym of *Turīcon. The most famous districts for Nightlife are the Niederdorf in the old town with bars, restaurants, lounges, hotels, clubs, etc. The municipality (ville de Genève) has a population (as of December 2019) of 203,951, and the canton (essentially the city and its inner-ring suburbs) has 504,128 residents.In 2014, the compact agglomération du Grand Genève had 946,000 inhabitants in 212 communities in both Switzerland and France. Since 2013, the international Openair Literatur Festival Zürich takes place annually in Zurich, presented by Literaturhaus Zürich and Kaufleuten. In 1839, the city had to yield to the demands of its urban subjects, following the Züriputsch of 6 September. Some examples are the new disinfection section of the public city hospital in Triemli (Minergie-P quality – passive house)[clarification needed], the continued optimisation and creation of public transportation, enlargement of the bicycle-only network, research and projects for renewable energy and enclosure of speed-ways[clarification needed]. One section of the Swiss German language licence fee-funded public radio station "Schweizer Radio DRS" is located in Zürich. [41][42], Spring and autumn are generally cool to mild, but sometimes with large differences between warm and cold days even during the same year. The Schauspielhaus was home to emigrants such as Bertolt Brecht or Thomas Mann, and saw premieres of works of Max Frisch, Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Botho Strauss or Elfriede Jelinek. The highest recorded temperature in Zürich was 37.7 °C (100 °F), recorded in July 1947, and typically the warmest day reaches an average of 32.2 °C (90.0 °F). Today the incorporated city stretches somewhat beyond the natural confines of the hills and includes some districts to the northeast in the Glatt Valley (Glattal) and to the north in the Limmat Valley (Limmattal). 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2019 census/estimate. Contents: Population The population development of Zürich as well as related information and services (Wikipedia, Google, images). In 1970, about 53% of the population were Swiss Reformed, while almost 40% were Roman Catholic. [34] In the federal election, a total of 110,760 voters were cast, and the voter turnout was 47.7%. The individual programs included “City of Zurich and the Glatt Valley,” “Winterthur and Surroundings,” “Zurich Highlands” and “Limmat Valley” (this latter program was submitted jointly with the Canton of Aargau). Zwingli translated the Bible (Zürich Bible) into the local variety of German, and introduced the Reformation by winning support of the magistrates, the princess abbess Katharina von Zimmern, and the largely peasant population of the Canton of Zürich. The regular election of the City Council by any inhabitant valid to vote is held every four years. The present building of the Hauptbahnhof (the main railway station) dates to 1871. The coat of arms is flanked by two lions. The Euro 2008 games were held in the Letzigrund Stadium. According to the Federal Office of Statistics (FSO), the Zürich urban area (urban agglomeration) has a population of approximately 1.2 million and covers a land area of 420 square miles/1085 square kilometers. An important event in the early 14th century was the completion of the Manesse Codex, a key source of medieval German poetry. The Kunst Zürich is an international contemporary art fair with an annual guest city; it combines most recent arts with the works of well-established artists. Densité de la population : 145,6 habitants/km 2. [52] Three main goals are specified: First, the modal share of bicycle traffic should be enhanced to twice the value of 2011 by 2015. [100] Another annual public art exhibit is the city campaign, sponsored by the City Vereinigung (the local equivalent of a chamber of commerce) with the cooperation of the city government. It is directly connected to Zürich and most of the major Swiss cities. 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Archaeologists revealed that she was approximately 40 years old when she died and likely carried out little physical labor when she was alive. (Multiple choices were possible.) It is the largest public festival in Switzerland and attracts up to 2 million visitors.[99]. In 1045, King Henry III granted the convent the right to hold markets, collect tolls, and mint coins, and thus effectively made the abbess the ruler of the city. Other important industries include light industry, machine and textile industries and tourism. [49] The ZVV network of public transport contains at least four means of mass-transit: any train that stops within the network's borders, in particular the S-Bahn (local trains), Zürich trams, and buses (both diesel and electric, also called trolley buses) and boats on the lake and river. There are specific maps available for hiking and walking trails throughout Switzerland. Zuerich). Most of the ramparts built in the 17th century were torn down, without ever having been besieged, to allay rural concerns over the city's hegemony. Before the Protestant Reformation reached Zürich, it was de jure and de facto Roman Catholic. En 2030, les cantons les plus peuplés restent dans l’ordre Zurich, Berne, Vaud, Argovie et … 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2019 census/estimate. In this context, the term 'German' is used as an umbrella term for any variety of German. Cycling is a popular sport as well as a mean of transport in Zürich. It comprises the area that can be reached within a roughly 80-minute drive from Zurich Airport. By the end of 2018, 32% of the city's population was made up of non-Swiss from a total of 172 different countries, all of whom help to make up Zürich's multi-cultural character. The area includes a section of the northern Swiss Plateau. Zürich Marathon is a long distance running event, covering 42.195 kilometers (26.219 mi) at one stretch. Zürich was temporarily expelled from the confederacy in 1440 due to a war with the other member states over the territory of Toggenburg (the Old Zürich War). The "green lungs" of the city include the vast forest areas of Adlisberg, Zürichberg, Käferberg, Hönggerberg and Uetliberg. Located in Zürich, the Swiss Stock Exchange was established in 1877 and is nowadays the fourth most prominent stock exchange in the world. The river is oriented in the southeast–northwest direction, with the flat valley floor having a width of two to two to three kilometres (1.2 to 1.9 miles). The Zürich Bible, based on that of Zwingli, was issued in 1531. The employment laws are less restrictive as nearby Germany or France. From this originated the concept of the CowParade that has been featured in other major world cities. [61], 5% of Zürich's inhabitants are Muslims, a slight decrease of 1%, compared to the year 2000. The traditional cuisine of Zürich reflects the centuries of rule by patrician burghers as well as the lasting imprint of Huldrych Zwingli's puritanism. The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) officiating as head organisation for ice hockey leagues worldwide is based in Zürich as well. There is also an airfield in Dübendorf. Once a year, it hosts the Zürcher Opernball with the President of the Swiss Confederation and the economic and cultural élite of Switzerland. Zürich Marathon is a popular sport event, inviting numerous athletes from every corner of the globe. Population. Both Zurich Airport and railway stationare the largest and busiest i… situated in the core agglomeration of Zurich (2013). The first certain testimony of banners with the same design is from 1434. Bullinger took over his role as the city's spiritual leader. [87], The Swiss stock exchange is called SIX Swiss Exchange, formerly known as SWX. First of all in 1860 the town schools, hitherto open to "settlers" only on paying high fees, were made accessible to all, next in 1875 ten years' residence ipso facto conferred the right of burghership, and in 1893 the eleven outlying districts were incorporated within the town proper. Le point le plus haut du canton de Zurich est le Schnebelhorn à 1 293 m, au sud-est. [30][unreliable source]. Zürich is home to several international sport federations. The sunny and desirable residential areas in the hills overlooking Zürich, Waidberg and Zürichberg, and the bottom part of the slope on the western side of the valley on the Uetliberg, are also densely built. It has no known composer but likely originated in Russia. Zwingli started the Swiss Reformation at the time when he was the main preacher in the 1520s, at the Grossmünster. en allemand Zürich. Office fédéral de la statistique Section Environnement, développement durable, territoire Espace de l'Europe 10 CH-2010 Neuchâtel Suisse Zurich Airport is located less than 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) northeast of the city in Kloten. During this festival the popular march known as the Sechseläutenmarsch is played. Industrialisation led to migration into the cities and to rapid population growth, particularly in the suburbs of Zürich. There are commercial local radio stations broadcasting from Zürich, such as "Radio 24" on the Limmatstrasse, "Energy Zürich" in Seefeld on the Kreuzstrasse, Radio "LoRa" and "Radio 1". Map of the Urban Sprawl in MDA, FUA and MUA Most of Zürich's sites are located within the area on either side of the Limmat, between the Main railway station and Lake Zürich. [50] Among the 16 railway stations (and 10 additional train stops) within Zürich's city borders, there are five other major passenger railway stations. The icon links to further information about a selected division including its population structure (gender, age groups, age distribution, nationality, country of birth). [88], Zürich benefits from the high level of investment in education which is typical of Switzerland in general and provides skilled labour at all levels. [27] In this time the political system of Zürich was an oligarchy (Patriziat): the dominant families of the city were the following ones: Bonstetten, Brun, Bürkli, Escher vom Glas, Escher vom Luchs, Hirzel, Jori (or von Jori), Kilchsperger, Landenberg, Manesse, Meiss, Meyer von Knonau, Mülner, von Orelli. During the 1230s, a city wall was built, enclosing 38 hectares, when the earliest stone houses on the Rennweg were built as well. The executive body holds its meetings in the City Hall (German: Stadthaus), on the left bank of the Limmat. The Theater am Neumarkt is one of the oldest theatres of the city. Two large expansions of the city limits occurred in 1893 and in 1934 when the city of Zürich merged with many surrounding municipalities, that had been growing increasingly together since the 19th century. Zurich's 2020 population is now estimated at 1,395,356.In 1950, the population of Zurich was 493,648.Zurich has grown by 12,264 since 2015, which represents a 0.89% annual change. One of the key projects of the system is a tunnel beneath the tracks of the main railway station planned to combine a main connection with staffed possibilities where commuters can leave their bikes throughout the day. In December 2016, the Canton of Zurich submitted four 3rd-generation agglomeration programs for approval to the federal authorities. Any resident of Zürich allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the Municipal Council. During the warmer half of the year and especially during the three summer months, the strength of rainfall is higher than those measured in winter, but the days with precipitation stays about the same throughout the year (in average 9.9–12.7 days per month). This forces any decision of the executive to support this goal, even if the costs are higher in all dimensions. Larger contiguous agricultural lands are located near Affoltern and Seebach. In the adjacent high-rise areas II and III the height is limited to 40 meters (130 ft). On its west side, the Limmat valley is flanked by the wooded heights of the Albis chain, which runs along the western border. [18] In Roman times, during the conquest of the alpine region in 15 BC, the Romans built a castellum on the Lindenhof. and a lot of fashion shops for a young and stylish public and the Langstrasse in the districts 4 and 5 of the city. Proceeding along the side of Lake Zürich, it is normally held on the second Saturday in August. The population of the urban agglomerations in Switzerland. The City Council (Stadtrat) constitutes the executive government of the City of Zürich and operates as a collegiate authority. [38] Decisive for the climate of Zürich are both the winds from westerly directions, which often result in precipitation and, on the other hand, the Bise (east or north-east wind), which is usually associated with high-pressure situations, but cooler weather phases with temperatures lower than the average. Munich's 2020 population is now estimated at 1,538,302.In 1950, the population of Munich was 830,977.Munich has grown by 16,885 since 2015, which represents a 1.11% annual change. [102] The Ballet Zürich performs at the opera house. [19], Zürich gained Imperial immediacy (Reichsunmittelbar, becoming an Imperial free city) in 1218 with the extinction of the main line of the Zähringer family and attained a status comparable to statehood. Sources (en) ONU, septembre 2014, au sein de l'étude World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision Population Database.Voir aussi les Sources utilisées par l'ONU pour cette étude Population of Urban Agglomerations with 300,000 Inhabitants or More in 2014, by Country, 1950-2030 (thousands), consulté le 20 juillet 2015. The boundaries of the older city are easy to recognize by the Schanzengraben canal. [18] Later here was erected Turicum (a toponym of clear Celtic origin), a tax-collecting point for goods trafficked on the Limmat, which constituted part of the border between Gallia Belgica (from AD 90 Germania Superior) and Raetia: this customs point developed later into a vicus. [92] The institution consists of two campuses, the main building in the heart of the city and the new campus on the outskirts of the city. [40], The average high temperature in July is 24.0 °C (75.2 °F) and average low temperature is 14 °C (57.2 °F). Zurich is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zürich. the third most expensive city in the world, behind Hong Kong and Tokyo and ahead of Singapore. The A1 heads west towards Bern and Geneva and eastwards towards St. Gallen; the A4 leads northwards to Schaffhausen and southwards to Altdorf connecting with the A2 towards Chiasso; and the A3 heads northwest towards Basel and southeast along Lake Zürich and Lake Walen towards Sargans. In English, the name used to be written as Zurich, without the umlaut. It is pronounced /ˈzjʊərɪk/ ZEWR-ik, and more recently sometimes also with /ts/, as in German. The Schauspielhaus is one of the most prominent and important theatres in Switzerland.[103]. Some 122 hotel companies with 15'800 beds at their disposal provide 3,4 million overnight stays every year, while Zürich airport looks after around 20 million passengers. From the northwest to the southeast, the height of the mostly wooded knolls generally increases: the Gubrist (615 m or 2,018 ft), the Hönggerberg (541 m or 1,775 ft), the Käferberg (571 m or 1,873 ft), the Zürichberg (676 m or 2,218 ft), the Adlisberg (701 m or 2,300 ft) and the Öschbrig (696 m or 2,283 ft). Agglomerations. The curling season starts in early September and continues until the end of April. Third, cycling should be established as an everyday means of transport with a special focus on children and young people. The Pedagogical College, the Zürich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW) and the Zürich University of the Arts (ZHdK) are another three top-class technical colleges which contribute to Zürich's reputation as a knowledge and research pole by providing applied research and development. 750-1050)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2014, Articles lacking reliable references from December 2015, Articles containing potentially dated statements from May 2018, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2010, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Vague or ambiguous time from September 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Articles with German-language sources (de), Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 14 December 2020, at 18:51. Population permanente: 1 333 ... 4,2 % est recouvert par les voies de circulation, 7,1 % par l'agglomération et le restant est recouvert par les eaux. ... L'Eglise, visitable sur demande, est restée intacte, et constitute un des joyaux du canton de Zurich. It is composed of nine councilors, each presiding over a department. It has two dépendances: Pfauen in the Central City District and Schiffbauhalle, an old industrial hall, in Zürich West. In addition to high-quality museums and galleries, Zürich has high-calibre chamber and symphony orchestras and several important theatres. Any resident of Zurich allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the City Council. [36], Zürich is partnered with two sister cities: Kunming and San Francisco.[37]. Contact. The famous illuminated manuscript – described as "the most beautifully illumined German manuscript in centuries;"[21] – was commissioned by the Manesse family of Zürich, copied and illustrated in the city at some time between 1304 and 1340. Agglomeration in Switzerland. During the months April until September the sun shines between 150 and 215 hours per month. Zürich was the presiding canton of the Diet from 1468 to 1519. The legislative body holds its meetings in the town hall (Rathaus), on the right bank of the Limmat opposite to the City Hall (Stadthaus). The 1,134 millimetres (44.6 in) rainfall spread on 133.9 days with precipitation throughout the year. The highest temperature of the month March in 2014 was on the 20th at 20.6 °C (69.1 °F) during a sunny afternoon and the lowest temperature was on the 25th at −0.4 °C (31.3 °F) during the night/early morning. The Schauspielhaus Zürich is the main theatre complex of the city. It is located in north-central Switzerland at the northwestern tip of Lake Zürich. Zürich was one of six venues of the 1954 FIFA World Cup and one of eight venues of the UEFA Euro 2008. [87] Zürich is also ranked[when?] Several cantons remained Catholic and became the basis of serious conflicts that eventually led to the outbreak of the Wars of Kappel. Notably, the area known as Zürich West in district 5, near the Escher-Wyss square and the S-Bahn Station of Zürich Hardbrücke. The Zürcher Theater Spektakel is an international theatre festival, featuring contemporary performing arts.[104]. [31] The last regular election was held on 4 March 2018.[31]. Artists like Max Bill, Marcel Breuer, Camille Graeser or Richard Paul Lohse had their ateliers in Zürich, which became even more important after the takeover of power by the Nazi regime in Germany and World War II. The municipality of Zürich has an area of 91.88 km2 (35.48 sq mi), of which 4.1 km2 (1.6 sq mi) is made up of Lake Zürich. Zürich is also one of the co-location centres of the Knowledge and Innovation Community (Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation) of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology. Technology new start, FinTech and others in MedTech secure good seed and starter funding. It is located in north-central Switzerland,[5] at the northwestern tip of Lake Zürich. [31] As of May 2018[update], the Municipal Council consist of 43 members of the Social Democratic Party (SP), 21 The Liberals (FDP), 17 members of the Swiss People's Party (SVP), 16 Green Party (GPS), 14 Green Liberal Party (GLP), 10 Alternative List (AL), and four members of the Evangelical People's Party (EVP), giving the left parties an absolute majority of 69. The SIX Swiss Exchange is the head group of several different worldwide operative financial systems: Eurex, Eurex US, EXFEED, STOXX, and virt-x. Bâle: agglomération nationale Population Population résidante permanente 2014 508 640 Densité de la population, par km² 2014 1 057,2 Rapport de dépendance des jeunes 2014 30,0 Rapport de dépendance des personnes âgées 2014 33,2 Âge médian, en années 2014 44,3 Migration Population résidante permanente étrangère, en % 2014 26,5 Traditional dishes include Zürcher Geschnetzeltes and Tirggel. Zurich Airport is served by more than 60 passenger airlines from around the world. [85][86] In particular, Zürich received high scores for work, housing, leisure, education and safety.