1301 by Iacopo II Barozzi, a member of the Cretan branch of the Venetian Barozzi family, whose descendant held it until it was annexed in c. 1335 by Niccolo Sanudo after various legal and military conflicts. [28] These dates, however, conflict with radiocarbon dating which indicates that the eruption occurred at about 1645–1600 BC. [24] Total rainfall averages 371 mm (14.6 in) per year. “Our population has shot up because success has meant that everyone wants to work here,” says Nikos Zorzos, Santorini’s mayor. Due to the different kinds of volcanic rock, there are several black sand and rock beaches and even a red sand beach worth visiting for its striking color. Only the southern tip of a large town has been uncovered, yet it has revealed complexes of multi-level buildings, streets, and squares with remains of walls standing as high as eight metres, all entombed in the solidified ash of the famous eruption of Thera. 2019. The subduction compels the formation of the Hellenic arc, which includes Santorini and other volcanic centres, such as Methana, Milos, and Kos.[10]. In the southeast are the limestone masses of Mesa Vouno, with the highest summit being that of Prophitis Ilias (550 meters or 1,800 feet). A total of 38 countries will have smaller populations in 2050 than in 2018. Volcanism on Santorini is due to the Hellenic Trench subduction zone southwest of Crete. Santorini was also struck by a devastating earthquake in 1956. The second site of major archaeological importance is Ancient Thira. Imagine in the center a hill, surrounded by a ring of water; the ring of water surrounded by a circle of land, then another ring of water and one of land, until there were nine rings of water and nine of land. It has an area of 96 square kilometers (37 square miles), a coastal length of 69 kilometers (43 miles), and its width varies from 2 to 6 kilometers (1 to 4 miles). There have been at least twelve large explosive eruptions, of which at least four were caldera-forming. Before the Minoan eruption, the caldera formed a nearly continuous ring with the only entrance between the tiny island of Aspronisi and Thera; the eruption destroyed the sections of the ring between Aspronisi and Therasia, and between Therasia and Thera, creating two new channels. As of 2019, Santorini is a particular draw for Asian couples who come to Santorini to have pre-wedding photos taken against the backdrop of the island's landscape.[48]. Santorini is one of the few Cyclades Islands with a major airport, which lies about 6 km (4 mi) southeast of downtown Thera. Rather than crossing the Red Sea, Jacobovici argues a marshy area in northern Egypt known as the Reed Sea would have been alternately drained and flooded by tsunamis caused by the caldera collapse, and could have been crossed during the Exodus. ( 2 ) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, ( 3 ) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, ( 4 ) United Nations Statistical Division. These non-volcanic rocks are exposed at Mikro Profititis Ilias, Mesa Vouno, the Gavrillos ridge, Pyrgos, Monolithos, and the inner side of the caldera wall between Cape Plaka and Athinios. Layer upon layer of red volcanic rock interspersed with white buildings and specks of greenery form a visual demonstration found nowhere else. The site was closed for almost seven years while a new canopy was built. [55] Tour boats depart from Skala for Nea Kameni and other Santorini destinations.[56]. Reports claim there were days when up to 18,000 visitors on cruise ships alone were seen disembarking at the island’s port, which is a high number considering that only about 15,000 people actually live on the island. About 59.55% of the world’s population lives in Asia. ", "Santorini's popularity soars but locals say it has hit saturation point", "The Bride, the Groom and the Greek Sunset: A Perfect Wedding Picture", "Greece's Handcrafted Beers Hit the Spot | GreekReporter.com", "Restoration, Reconstruction and Simulacra", "Greek island accused of abusing its star attraction: donkeys", URI.edu: Santorini Eruption much larger than previously thought, Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants and Bang Bang: Santorini In Pop Culture, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santorini&oldid=994969309, Populated places in Thira (regional unit), Articles with Greek-language sources (el), Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from September 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2012, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from June 2010, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2020, Articles containing Italian-language text, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, History Channel's "Lost Worlds: Atlantis" archeology series. The length of the island is 16 km and its width varies from 1 to 5 km. Pipes with running water and water closets found at Akrotiri are the oldest such utilities discovered. 2018. The oldest signs of human settlement are Late Neolithic (4th millennium BC or earlier), but c. 2000–1650 BC Akrotiri developed into one of the Aegean's major Bronze Age ports, with recovered objects that came not just from Crete, but also from Anatolia, Cyprus, Syria, and Egypt, as well as from the Dodecanese and the Greek mainland. In de eilandengroep liggen de eilanden Thira, Thirasia, … Niger in West Africa will see its population nearly triple. In the summer, visitors swamp the island, life takes place in the open air, and the locals work non-stop. Watch Queue Queue. The oceanic crust of the northern margin of the African Plate is being subducted under Greece and the Aegean Sea, which is thinned continental crust. An alternate view takes qe-ra-si-ja and qe-ra-si-jo as proof of androgyny, and applies this name by similar arguments to the legendary seer, Tiresias, but these views are not mutually exclusive. Agriculture also forms part of its economy, and the island sustains a wine industry, based on the indigenous Assyrtiko grape variety. In between the caldera-forming eruptions are a series of sub-cycles. Scheduled airlines include the new Olympic Air, Aegean Airlines, and Ryanair, with chartered flights from other airlines during the summer, and with transportation to and from the air terminal available through buses, taxis, hotel car-pickups and rental cars. This terrifying explosion was interpreted as a divine omen against the worship of religious icons[35][36] and gave the Emperor Leo III the Isaurian the justification he needed to begin implementing his Iconoclasm policy. 2020. [41] In 1318–1331 and 1345–1360 it was raided by the Turkish principalities of Menteshe and Aydın, but did not suffer much damage. Archaeological evidence, based on the established chronology of Bronze Age Mediterranean cultures, dates the eruption to around 1500 BC. The islands had been created by Neptune, god of the sea, for Cleito, his beloved. Most of the population of Santorini had to emigrate to Piraeus and Athens.[51]. Santorin/Champion Statistics. [4] Before then, it was known as Kallístē (Καλλίστη, "the most beautiful one"), Strongýlē (Greek: Στρογγύλη, "the circular one"),[6] or Thēra. Santorini, one of Greece’s most popular destinations, is expected to wrap up 2018 with over two million visitors (cruise passengers not included), up from some 1.7 million in 2017. “It is a reality now, Santorini is an all year round tourism destination,” Thira Mayor Nikos Zorzos says. Santorini Film Festival held annually at the open air cinema, Cinema Kamari in Santorini.[52]. This has led many[who?] Santorini (Greek: Σαντορίνη, pronounced [sandoˈrini]), officially Thira (Greek: Θήρα [ˈθira]) and classic Greek Thera (English pronunciation /ˈθɪərə/), is an island in the southern Aegean Sea, about 200 km (120 mi) southeast from Greece. What remains today of Santorini is a large cresent-shaped island enclosing a vast bay, the largest caldera on earth (7X14 miles). It boasts ruins from Minoans, Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, and Venetians. The violent eruption was centred on a small island just north of the existing island of Nea Kameni in the centre of the caldera; the caldera itself was formed several hundred thousand years ago by the collapse of the centre of a circular island, caused by the emptying of the magma chamber during an eruption. Getting out from the deep blue sea its volcanic sheer cliffs topped with gleaming white village homes and churches, resemble snowcapped mountains. The global population of forcibly displaced increased by 2.3 million people in 2018. Bevolkingspiramides: Duitsland - 2018. [10] This allows the formation of large magma chambers, in which the magma can evolve to more silicic compositions. [37] After the Fourth Crusade, it was occupied by the Duchy of Naxos which held it up to ca. [4] The eruption left a large caldera surrounded by volcanic ash deposits hundreds of metres deep. Welcome to the United Nations. The earliest eruptions, many of which were submarine, were on the Akrotiri Peninsula, and active between 650,000 and 550,000 years ago. Bond, A. and Sparks, R. S. J. Noted archaeological remains found in Akrotiri are wall paintings or frescoes, which have kept their original colour well, as they were preserved under many metres of volcanic ash. "Therasia" and its ethnikon "Therasios" are both attested in later Greek; and, since -sos was itself a genitive suffix in the Aegean Sprachbund, *Qeras[os] could also shrink to *Qera. The expansion of tourism has resulted in the growth of the economy and population. Many of the houses in Akrotiri are major structures, some of them three stories high. Several very important wall frescos were uncovered that depict everyday life over 4,000 years ago. It forms the southernmost member of the Cyclades group of islands, with an area of approximately 73 km2 (28 sq mi) and a 2011 census population of 15,550. The devastating volcanic eruption of Thera around 1600 B.C. White varieties also include Athiri and Aidani, whereas red varieties include mavrotragano and mandilaria. By the end of the year, almost 70.8 million individuals were forcibly displaced worldwide as a result of persecution, conflict, violence, or human rights violations. There are also four much smaller islands called Thirassia, Nea Kameni, Palia Kameni and Aspronisi. Population density is a key aspect of analyzing data on cities, and it plays an important part in issues such as transport, infrastructure and living standards for residents. The duration is only two minutes and offers unforgettable views of the volcanic island. Some scholars believe that the island is part of the legendary lost continent of Atlantis which supposedly slipped underwater during the disaster.What remains today of Santorini is a large cresent-shaped island enclosing a vast bay, the largest caldera on earth (7X14 miles). In 2007, the cruise ship MS Sea Diamond ran aground and sank inside the caldera. England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom with population close to 54 million, which accounts for 84% of the UK population. When winter comes, everything goes to a standstill; the locals shut themselves up in their houses and catch up on lost sleep. The number of Italians moving abroad rose 1.9% year-on-year, in 2018, while new residents from abroad decreased by 3.2%. [25], Excavations starting in 1967 at the Akrotiri site under the late Professor Spyridon Marinatos have made Thera the best-known Minoan site outside of Crete, homeland of the culture. Θεολογία 80 (2009), 235-253, Silvano Borsari, “Studi sulle colonie veneziane in Romania nel XIII secolo”, 1966, pp.35-37 and 79, Marina Koumanoudi, “The Latins in the Aegean after 1204: Interdependence and Interwoven Interests,” in, "Απογραφή Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2011. "The Minoan eruption of Santorini, Greece". Watch Queue Queue Other than the Bible, there is no historic evidence of any Jewish exodus from Egypt. The municipality of Thera includes an additional 12 local subdivisions on Santorini island: Akrotiri, Emporio, Episkopis Gonia, Exo Gonia, Imerovigli, Karterados, Megalohori, Mesaria, Pyrgos Kallistis, Thera (the seat of the municipality), Vothon, and Vourvoulos.[9]. Not only England is the biggest country by population in UK, it is 25th largest country in the world by population if it is independent from UK and the fifth largest in Europe. [citation needed]. Update to date information about population of Greece in 2020. For discussion, see Minoan eruption#Eruption dating. Probably after what is called the Bronze Age collapse, Phoenicians founded a site on Thera. In the summer season, strong winds can also be observed. The island became part of the fledgling Greek state, rebelled against Governor Ioannis Kapodistrias in 1831, and became definitively part of the independent Kingdom of Greece in 1832, with the Treaty of Constantinople.[37]. It takes 45 minutes to drive from one end of Santorini to the other. [22][non-primary source needed]. Tourism is the main occupation in Santorini today. For other uses, see, A volcanic island in the southern Aegean Sea, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (. A loom-workshop suggests organized textile weaving for export. In the 5th century BC, Dorian Thera did not join the Delian League with Athens; and during the Peloponnesian War, Thera sided with Dorian Sparta, against Athens. [49], A brewery, the Santorini Brewing Company, began operating out of Santorini in 2011, based in the island's wine region.[50]. In The Parting of the Sea: How Volcanoes, Earthquakes, and Plagues Shaped the Exodus Story,[14] geologist Barbara J. Sivertsen seeks to establish a link between the eruption of Santorini (c. 1600 BC) and the Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt in the Bible. In many houses stone staircases are still intact, and they contain huge ceramic storage jars (pithoi), mills, and pottery. The Athenians took the island during the war, but lost it again after the Battle of Aegospotami. The thunderous fury of nature left its mark on the island, the home of Greece’s last active volcano which still smolders today. The northern part of the caldera was refilled by the volcano, then collapsed once more during the Minoan eruption. The film asserts that the Hyksos were the Israelites and that some of them may have originally been from Mycenae. The total land area is 90.623 km2 (34.990 sq mi). The main asphalt runway (16L-34R) is 2,125 metres (6,972 feet) in length, and the parallel taxiway was built to runway specification (16R-34L). Another popular theory holds that the Thera eruption is the source of the legend of Atlantis.[5]. Not only is the population in Santorini rapidly rising, as more and more people are searching for work on the island, but the birth rate here (about 150 per year) is the highest in Greece, according to Santorini’s mayor Nikos Zorzos, The Guardian reports. The second site of major archaeological importance is Ancient Thira. , "the circular one"), or Thēra. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Dynamics. Santorini is one of the best known Greek landmarks. Archaeological discoveries in 2006 by a team of international scientists revealed that the Santorini event was much more massive than previously thought; it expelled 61 cubic kilometres (15 cu mi) of magma and rock into the Earth's atmosphere, compared to previous estimates of only 39 cubic kilometres (9.4 cu mi) in 1991,[12][13] producing an estimated 100 cubic kilometres (24 cu mi) of tephra. The estimated population of the U.S. was approximately 328.2 million in 2019, and the largest age group was adults aged 25 to 29. The frescos can be seen today at the island’s Archaeological Museum and the site can be visited everyday except Monday and holidays. The unique characteristic is the common utilisation of the hypóskapha: extensions of houses dug sideways or downwards into the surrounding pumice. The island remains the home of a small, but flourishing, wine industry, based on the indigenous grape variety, Assyrtiko, with auxiliary cultivations of two other Aegean varietals, Athiri and Aidani. [46] An estimated 2 million tourists visit annually. From the sheer cliff-top, where the villages are built, you look down on the gentle, green outer slopes of the mountain: the sea has filled the crater of the volcano. On 1 January 2020 the population of the EU-27 was estimated at 447.7 million inhabitants, which was 0.9 million more than a year before. Even the people of Santorini consider themselves different; they say, “we are not people, we are Santorinians.” In order to convey the sense of uniqueness of the island, it is necessary to understand the richness, history, and geological sensitivity of the landscape. The Cyclades are part of a metamorphic complex that is known as the Cycladic Massif. Santorini is not just an island that has developed as its island neighbors have. [37] From the 15th century on, the suzerainty of the Republic of Venice over the island was recognized in a series of treaties by the Ottoman Empire, but this did not stop Ottoman raids, until it was captured by the Ottoman admiral Piyale Pasha in 1576, as part of a process of annexation of most remaining Latin possessions in the Aegean. Over the past 360,000 years there have been two major cycles, each culminating with two caldera-forming eruptions. [10] These are geochemically distinct from the later volcanism, as they contain amphiboles. Because of its unique ecology and climate, and especially its volcanic ash soil, Santorini is home to unique and prized produce. Five locals were later shot in reprisal, including the mayor. [42][43], Santorini's primary industry is tourism, particularly in the summer months. In 1967, a city buried by a volcanic eruption in 1500 BC., was found on Santorini. The present municipality of Thera (officially: "Thira", Greek: Δήμος Θήρας),[7][8] which covers all settlements on the islands of Santorini and Therasia, was formed at the 2011 local government reform, by the merger of the former Oia and Thera municipalities.[3]. The Kameni islands in the centre of the lagoon are the most recent example of a cone built by this volcano, with much of them hidden beneath the water. United Nations projections are also included through the year 2100. White wines from the island are extremely dry with a strong, citrus scent and mineral and iodide salt aromas contributed by the ashy volcanic soil, whereas barrel aging gives to some of the white wines a slight frankincense aroma, much like Vinsanto. The volcanic arc is approximately 500 km (310 mi) long and 20 to 40 km (12 to 25 mi) wide. [10] The most famous eruption is the Minoan eruption, detailed below. Other indicators visualized on maps: (In English only, for now) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) Two million tons of volcanic soil is exported every year for use in the cement industry. The combination of magnificent landscape, the volcano, and the famous Cycladic architecture make Santorini a beautiful place to relax and get away. Some two million people flocked to the Greek island of Santorini last year. Chart and table of Italy population from 1950 to 2020. George Cedrenus, Σύνοψις ἱστορίων, Vol I, p. 795. The frescos can be seen today at the island’s Archaeological Museum and the site can be visited everyday except Monday and holidays. A 2006 documentary film by Simcha Jacobovici, The Exodus Decoded,[15] postulates that the eruption of the Santorini Island volcano (referred to as c. 1500 BC) caused all the biblical plagues described against Egypt. The beauty of Santorini must depend on light and line; there is hardly any vegetation apart from vines, and the volcanic earth has no charm of color, unlike the earth and rock of the limestone islands. World Population Prospects 2019 Ancient volcano could have blasted Atlantis myth", "Santorini Bulges as Magma Balloons Underneath", "Santorini information, traditional products, beaches, volcano and villages, Attractions, Events – Santorini holidays 2014", "Chronology for the Aegean Late Bronze Age 1700–1400 B.C. There is a story of thousands years old about a “lost island” in the Atlantic Ocean. The film also suggests that these original Mycenaean Israelites fled Egypt (which they had in fact ruled for some time) after the eruption, and went back to Mycenae. In the spring, before the tourists start to arrive again, the island is a hive of activity as preparations are made as nearly the entire island is repainted and freshened up. According to Herodotus,[32] following a drought of seven years, Thera sent out colonists who founded a number of cities in northern Africa, including Cyrene. The underground dwellings along the ridge overlooking the caldera, where the instability of the soil was responsible for the great extent of the damage, needed to be evacuated. from 2017 to 2018 was due to a 2.4% decline in the There are also four much smaller islands called Thirassia, Nea Kameni, Palia Kameni and Aspronisi. Bus services link Fira to most parts of the island. The island was very rich, and the people content. If qe-ra-si-ja was an ethnikon first, then in following him/her/it the Cretans also feared whence it came.[30]. The eruption caused tidal waves which virtually wiped out the advanced Minoan civilization of Crete 70 miles to the south. The island was featured in The 2005 film ”The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants“. archaeologists to believe that the fresco of the saffron/crocus gatherers is a coming of age fresco dealing with female pubescence. It is not easy to be a winegrower in Santorini; the hot and dry conditions give the soil a very low productivity. Today, that city is referred to as Ancient Thera. Santorini was ranked the world's top island by many magazines and travel sites, including the Travel+Leisure Magazine,[44] the BBC,[45] as well as the US News. More than 25,000 people are now permanent residents. Gavrilos rises in the south, whilst in the north we find the peaks of Megalo Vouno and Mikros Prophitis Ilias. The rainfalls are frequent in winter but almost non-existent in summer. Features scientists Dr. J. Alexander MacGillivray (archeologist), Dr. Colin F. MacDonald (archaeologist), Professor Floyd McCoy (vulcanologist), Professor Clairy Palyvou (architect), Nahid Humbetli (geologist) and Dr. Gerassimos Papadopoulos (. Today, special water container trucks brought over on ferries meet the water supply demands of Santorini. 2. The story was told by the ancient Greeks, and had been handed down from father to son for many generations before the Greek philosopher Plato wrote a famous story about it, about 375 BC. [37] It became part of the semi-autonomous domain of the Sultan's Jewish favourite, Joseph Nasi. [53], Santorini has two ports: Athinios (Ferry Port) and Skala (Old Port). Jacobovici's assertions in The Exodus Decoded have been extensively criticized by religious and other scholars. Sheer, impressive cliffs, and parallel layers of black and red rocks compose its western side. Only the Mount Tambora volcanic eruption of 1815, the 181 AD eruption of Lake Taupo, and possibly Baekdu Mountain's 946 AD eruption have released more material into the atmosphere during the past 5,000 years. [18], Archaeological, seismological, and vulcanological evidence[19][20][21] has been presented linking the Atlantis myth to Santorini. License : CC BY-4.0 Santorini has no rivers, and water is scarce. Take a virtual tour to Santorini while watching our 4K Documentary Film. The site was re-opened in April 2012. The population of Santorini numbers some 11,400 people yet every year 500,000 tourists visit the island. Santorini has erupted many times, with varying degrees of explosivity. Player: Santorin; Tournament: NA LCS 2018 Summer Playoffs - Showing Values Per Game - Open As Query 3 Total Games Played on 2 Champions (On ⁠ ⁠ FLY ) Champion This Bronze Age civilization thrived between 3000 and 2000 BC, reaching its peak in the period between 2000 and 1630 BC.[27]. There are also four much smaller islands called Thirassia, Nea Kameni, Palia Kameni and Aspronisi. The South Aegean (Greek: Περιφέρεια Νοτίου Αιγαίου, romanized: Periféria Notíou Eyéou, [periˈferia noˈtiu eˈʝeu]) is one of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece.It consists of the Cyclades and Dodecanese island groups in the central and southeastern Aegean Sea Gamepedia. The island's wines are standardised and protected by the "Vinsanto" and "Santorini" OPAP designations of origin. The 2.1% decrease in the correctional population . The official name of the island is Thira, but foreigners refer to it by the name given in honor of the island’s patron saint, St. Irene of Thessaloniki, who died here while in exile in 304 A.D. Santorini, which covers 73 square kilometers and is located 127 nautical miles from the port of Piraeus, has an important wine trade. To see combined stats, Click Here. Archaeologists say this might be Atlantis. The poem goes on to claim that the island was named Thera after Euphemus' descendant Theras, son of Autesion, the leader of a group of refugee settlers from Lemnos. Small tremors and reports of strange gaseous odours over the course of 2011 and 2012 prompted satellite radar technological analyses and these revealed the source of the symptoms; the magma chamber under the volcano was swelled by a rush of molten rock by 10 to 20 million cubic metres between January 2011 and April 2012, which also caused parts of the island's surface to rise out of the water by a reported 8 to 14 centimetres. “Over 25,000 people are now permanent residents. World Population Prospects: 2019 Revision. Santorini has a population of 15,500 and a land area of 76 square kilometers (an area a little bigger than Manhattan). The well preserved ruins of the ancient town are often compared to the spectacular ruins at Pompeii in Italy. It may have been one of the largest volcanic eruptions on Earth in the last few thousand years, with an estimated VEI (volcanic explosivity index) of 6 according to the last studies published in 2006, confirming the prior values. China will register the largest numerical population decrease―about 50 million―followed by Japan at 25 million … The complex formed during the Miocene and was folded and metamorphosed during the Alpine orogeny around 60 million years ago. At Knossos, in a LMIIIA context (14th century BC), seven Linear B texts while calling upon "all the gods" make sure to grant primacy to an elsewhere-unattested entity called qe-ra-si-ja and, once, qe-ra-si-jo. From Leaguepedia Archive | League of Legends Wiki < Santorin This is the approved revision of this page, as well as being the most recent. It boasts ruins from Minoans, Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, and Venetians.