At this point Gandhi called off the struggle, and around 100,000 political prisoners were released, including the Congress's leadership. The medical team commanded by Gandhi operated for less than two months. In 2000, a revised edition of the complete works sparked a controversy, as it contained a large number of errors and omissions. [105][106] Muslim leaders and delegates abandoned Gandhi and his Congress. In the song Porter rhymes "Mahatma Gandhi' with "Napoleon Brandy. In 1909, Gandhi wrote to Tolstoy seeking advice and permission to republish A Letter to a Hindu in Gujarati. [205], Gandhi's statements, letters and life have attracted much political and scholarly analysis of his principles, practices and beliefs, including what influenced him. Gandhi and Jinnah had extensive correspondence and the two men met several times over a period of two weeks in September 1944, where Gandhi insisted on a united religiously plural and independent India which included Muslims and non-Muslims of the Indian subcontinent coexisting. The 1989 Marathi play Me Nathuram Godse Boltoy and the 1997 Hindi play Gandhi Ambedkar criticised Gandhi and his principles. Mahatma Gandhi, byname of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, (born October 2, 1869, Porbandar, India—died January 30, 1948, Delhi), Indian lawyer, politician, social activist, and writer who became the leader of the nationalist movement against the British rule of India. Cribb states that Gandhi's thought evolved over time, with his early ideas becoming the core or scaffolding for his mature philosophy. He told the British people in 1940, "I would like you to lay down the arms you have as being useless for saving you or humanity. [292], In the 1940s, Gandhi pooled ideas with some Muslim leaders who sought religious harmony like him, and opposed the proposed partition of British India into India and Pakistan. Gandhi defied the order. [307] He said that Zionism was not the right answer to the problems faced by Jews[308] and instead recommended Satyagraha. [112][113][114], By the end of 1922 the Khilafat movement had collapsed. Some of his staff resigned, including two of his newspaper's editors who had refused to print some of Gandhi's sermons dealing with his experiments. They were trained and medically certified to serve on the front lines. Despite health challenges Gandhi was able to walk about 79000 kms in his lifetime which comes to an average of 18 kms per day and is equivalent to walking around the earth twice. Mahatma Gandhi (Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi; Porbandar, 1869 - Delhi, 1948) Pensador y líder del nacionalismo indio. [233] Gandhi grew fond of Hinduism, and referred to the Bhagavad Gita as his spiritual dictionary and greatest single influence on his life. But Mohandas was determined to visit England. This end usually implies a moral upliftment or progress of an individual or society. Gandhi suffered persecution from the beginning in South Africa. On the outbreak of the South African (Boer) War in 1899, he argued that the Indians, who claimed the full rights of citizenship in the British crown colony of Natal, were in duty bound to defend it. [420], Gandhi did not receive the Nobel Peace Prize, although he was nominated five times between 1937 and 1948, including the first-ever nomination by the American Friends Service Committee,[421] though he made the short list only twice, in 1937 and 1947. Gandhi went from a racist young man to a racist middle-aged man", "For Gandhi, Kallenbach was a Friend and Guide", "Gandhi – A Medium for Truth" (link to article in, "Mbeki: Mahatma Gandhi Satyagraha 100th Anniversary (01/10/2006)", Chronology of Mahatma Gandhi's Life:India 1918, "Satyagraha Laboratories of Mahatma Gandhi", "Mahatma Gandhi | Philosopher & Teacher | Blue Plaques", "the video shows MKGs populariy in the poorer districts", "Gandhi, Jinnah Meet First Time Since '44; Disagree on Pakistan, but Will Push Peace", "Of all faiths and races, together they shed their silent tears", "Gandhi's ashes to rest at sea, not in a museum", "Mahatma Gandhi – The religious quest | Biography, Accomplishments, & Facts", Gandhi's Concept of Truth and the Advaita Tradition, What Congress and Gandhi have done to the Untouchables, "Gandhi's Dream of Hindu-Muslim Unity and its two Offshoots in the Middle East", "Gandhi's Views on the Resolution of the Conflict in Palestine: A Note", "Towards an understanding of Gandhi's views on Science", "Mahatma Gandhi's Underweight Health Records Revealed For the 1st Time; Know his Heart Health, Serious Diseases", "Thrill of the chaste: The truth about Gandhi's sex life", Journal of the American Academy of Religion, "Among the Hagiographers (A book review of "Great Soul: Mahatma Gandhi and His Struggle With India" by Joseph Lelyveld)", "Gandhi on religion, faith and conversion: secular blueprint relevant today", "Revised edition of Bapu's works to be withdrawn", "Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi (CWMG) Controversy", "King moved, as father was, on trip to Gandhi's memorial", "Commemorating Martin Luther King Jr.: Gandhi's influence on King", "The Sacred Warrior: The liberator of South Africa looks at the seminal work of the liberator of India", "A pacifist uncovered- Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Pakistani pacifist", "Einstein on Gandhi (Einstein's letter to Gandhi – Courtesy:Saraswati Albano-Müller & Notes by Einstein on Gandhi – Source: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem )", "Of Gandhigiri and Green Lion, Al Gore wins hearts at Cannes", "Remarks by the President to the Joint Session of the Indian Parliament in New Delhi, India", "Obama steers clear of politics in school pep talk", "Houston community celebrates district named for Gandhi", "UN declares 2 October, Gandhi's birthday, as International Day of Nonviolence", "DENIP: School Day of Nonviolence and Peace", "University and Educational Intelligence", "Relevance of Gandhian Philosophy in the 21st Century", "Constitution does not permit any titles", "Constitution doesn't permit 'Father of the Nation' title: MHA", "Mahatma: Life of Gandhi, 1869–1948 (1968 – 5hrs 10min)", "The Case of the Missing Mahatma:Gandhi and the Hindi Cinema", "Movies – Maine Gandhi Ko Nahin Mara (I Did Not Kill Gandhi) (2005)", "Appreciating Gandhi Through His Human Side", "Bharat Bhagya Vidhata' captivates the audience", "Obama Invokes Gandhi, Whose Ideal Eludes India", "Kanu Gandhi, Gandhiji's grandson and ex-Nasa scientist, dies", "Lodged in old age home in Delhi, Gandhi's grandson looks to Rajkot", Gandhi's correspondence with the Indian government 1942–1944, Mani Bhavan Gandhi Sangrahalaya Gandhi Museum & Library, Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy, Hindustan Socialist Republican Association, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu TCC, Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty, Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes, Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian, Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahatma_Gandhi&oldid=996063047, Presidents of the Indian National Congress, South African Indian Congress politicians, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TePapa identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Innumerable streets, roads and localities in India are named after M.K.Gandhi. Danielson, Leilah C. "'In My Extremity I Turned to Gandhi': American Pacifists, Christianity, and Gandhian Nonviolence, 1915–1941. [150] According to Sankar Ghose, the announcement shook Gandhi, who reappraised his views and wrote many essays with his views on castes, intermarriage, and what Hinduism says on the subject. [325], Alter states that Gandhi's fasting, vegetarianism and diet was more than a political leverage, it was a part of his experiments with self restraint and healthy living. Gandhi fue un activista y abogado indio, conocido por luchar por los derechos de la población india. 2 października 1869 w Porbandarze, zm. Ben Kingsley portrayed him in Richard Attenborough's 1982 film Gandhi,[431] which won the Academy Award for Best Picture. Though Mohandas occasionally won prizes and scholarships at the local schools, his record was on the whole mediocre. Although he held no governmental office, he was the prime mover in the struggle … His father had left the family little property; moreover, his mother was reluctant to expose her youngest child to unknown temptations and dangers in a distant land. In 1919, following World War I, Gandhi (aged 49) sought political co-operation from Muslims in his fight against British imperialism by supporting the Ottoman Empire that had been defeated in the World War. For example, his close friend Badshah Khan suggested that they should work towards opening Hindu temples for Muslim prayers, and Islamic mosques for Hindu prayers, to bring the two religious groups closer. He found it humiliating, struggling to understand how some people can feel honour or superiority or pleasure in such inhumane practices. They offered a total salary of £105 (~$17,200 in 2019 money) plus travel expenses. Gandhi joined the Indian National Congress and was introduced to Indian issues, politics and the Indian people primarily by Gokhale. [389], Gandhi influenced important leaders and political movements. Gandhi Jayanti 2020: Inspirational Quotes By Mahatma Gandhi [358], In his autobiography, Gandhi wrote that he believed every Hindu child must learn Sanskrit because its historic and spiritual texts are in that language. [176] The violence on Direct Action Day led to retaliatory violence against Muslims across India. [58], Gandhi, at age 22, was called to the bar in June 1891 and then left London for India, where he learned that his mother had died while he was in London and that his family had kept the news from him. Gandhi's image also appears on paper currency of all denominations issued by Reserve Bank of India, except for the one rupee note. political and spiritual leader during India's struggle with Great Britain for home rule; an advocate of passive resistance (1869-1948) Update this biography » Complete biography of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi » [356][357], Nai Talim evolved out of his experiences at the Tolstoy Farm in South Africa, and Gandhi attempted to formulate the new system at the Sevagram ashram after 1937.