To exercise your rights, you can contact the Data Protection Officer by email at [email protected] or by regular mail (Société d’Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel, Délégué à la Protection des Données, 1 Quai de Grenelle, 75015 PARIS), with a copy of your photo ID which must be enclosed in your request. Robert Moriarty flew a Beechcraft Bonanza under the tower on 31 March 1984. A pair of 81 m (266 ft) hydraulic rams were mounted on the second level, reaching nearly halfway up to the third level. Contate seus executivos por e-mail agora, incluindo Patrick Branco Ruivo On 30 March 1885, Eiffel presented his plans to the Société des Ingénieurs Civils; after discussing the technical problems and emphasising the practical uses of the tower, he finished his talk by saying the tower would symbolise: .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, [n]ot only the art of the modern engineer, but also the century of Industrand Science in which we are living, and for which the way was prepared by the great scientific movement of the eighteenth century and by the Revolution of 1789, to which this monument will be built as an expression of France's gratitude.[6]. One lift car was mounted on top of these rams: cables ran from the top of this car up to sheaves on the third level and back down to a second car. A petition called "Artists against the Eiffel Tower" was sent to the Minister of Works and Commissioner for the Exposition, Adolphe Alphand, and it was published by Le Temps on 14 February 1887: We, writers, painters, sculptors, architects and passionate devotees of the hitherto untouched beauty of Paris, protest with all our strength, with all our indignation in the name of slighted French taste, against the erection … of this useless and monstrous Eiffel Tower … To bring our arguments home, imagine for a moment a giddy, ridiculous tower dominating Paris like a gigantic black smokestack, crushing under its barbaric bulk Notre Dame, the Tour Saint-Jacques, the Louvre, the Dome of les Invalides, the Arc de Triomphe, all of our humiliated monuments will disappear in this ghastly dream. He found more at the top than expected, incidentally discovering what are known today as cosmic rays. Most of the party chose to stop at the lower levels, but a few, including the structural engineer, Émile Nouguier, the head of construction, Jean Compagnon, the President of the City Council, and reporters from Le Figaro and Le Monde Illustré, completed the ascent. The proposed tower had been a subject of controversy, drawing criticism from those who did not believe it was feasible and those who objected on artistic grounds. All the practical information you need for your visit to the Eiffel Tower: buy a ticket (Rates: 16 to 25 € maximum for adults and 4 to 12,5 € for children and young people), learn about the monument or news and events in the tower [48] A service lift was added to the south pillar for moving small loads and maintenance personnel three years later. by accessing this website you unreservedly accept the statutory provisions in force and the terms set out below. The tower and its image have been in the public domain since 1993, 70 years after Eiffel's death. [58], The puddled iron (wrought iron) of the Eiffel Tower weighs 7,300 tons,[59] and the addition of lifts, shops and antennae have brought the total weight to approximately 10,100 tons. La SETE et ses 340 salariés accueillent les 6 millions de visiteurs annuels de la tour Eiffel. Fields marked with a “*” are required in order for you to contact us. The tower was an instant success with the public, and nearly 30,000 visitors made the 1,710-step climb to the top before the lifts entered service on 26 May. This renewed concerns about the structural integrity of the tower, and sensational headlines such as "Eiffel Suicide!" [39] In 1930, the tower lost the title of the world's tallest structure when the Chrysler Building in New York City was completed. 99% is owned by the City of Paris, with the remaining 1% being owned by the Métropole du Grand Paris. The motive power was moved from the water hydraulic system to a new electrically driven oil-filled hydraulic system, and the original water hydraulics were retained solely as a counterbalance system. Installing lifts to the second level was more of a challenge because a straight track was impossible. At the beginning of the 20th century, the engravings were painted over, but they were restored in 1986–87 by the Société Nouvelle d'exploitation de la Tour Eiffel, a company operating the tower. The top half was even assumed to have no gaps in the latticework. [54] Analogue television signals from the Eiffel Tower ceased on 8 March 2011. Each of these slabs supported a block of limestone with an inclined top to bear a supporting shoe for the ironwork. Eiffel had a permit for the tower to stand for 20 years. The European branch of Otis Brothers & Company submitted a proposal but this was rejected: the fair's charter ruled out the use of any foreign material in the construction of the tower. [69], The tower is painted in three shades: lighter at the top, getting progressively darker towards the bottom to complement the Parisian sky. The Director of Documentation for what was then called the Société Nouvelle d'exploitation de la Tour Eiffel (SNTE), Stéphane Dieu, commented in 2005: "It is really just a way to manage commercial use of the image, so that it isn't used in ways [of which] we don't approve". Work carried out in 2000 added a further 5.3 m (17.4 ft), giving the current height of 324 m (1,063 ft). Excluding transmitters, the Eiffel Tower is the second tallest free-standing structure in France after the Millau Viaduct. The Eiffel Tower (/ˈaɪfəl/ EYE-fəl; French: tour Eiffel [tuʁ‿ɛfɛl] (listen)) is a wrought-iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. Every year, SETE and its 340 employees welcome 6 million visitors to the Eiffel Tower. At the top, there was a post office where visitors could send letters and postcards as a memento of their visit. It was to be dismantled in 1909, when its ownership would revert to the City of Paris. Welcome to the Eiffel Tower official page! Société d’Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel, the data controller, is the sole recipient of your information. A promenade 2.6-metre (8 ft 6 in) wide ran around the outside of the first level. [42] In 1940, German soldiers had to climb the tower to hoist a swastika-centered Reichskriegsflagge,[43] but the flag was so large it blew away just a few hours later, and was replaced by a smaller one. "[9] These criticisms were also dealt with by Édouard Lockroy in a letter of support written to Alphand, sardonically saying,[10] "Judging by the stately swell of the rhythms, the beauty of the metaphors, the elegance of its delicate and precise style, one can tell this protest is the result of collaboration of the most famous writers and poets of our time", and he explained that the protest was irrelevant since the project had been decided upon months before, and construction on the tower was already under way. In preparation for the June 25, 2020, reopening of Eiffel Tower visits, the Société d'Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel (SETE) announces that its online ticket office will open on June 18, 2020, at 10:00 am. No French company wanted to undertake the work. [73] In reality, since zoning restrictions limit the height of most buildings in Paris to seven storeys, only a small number of tall buildings have a clear view of the tower. [79] Starting May 2019, it will be managed by three star chef Frédéric Anton. Bienvenue sur la page officielle de la tour Eiffel ! For other uses, see, "300-metre tower" and "Tour Eiffel" redirect here. [19] At this stage, a small "creeper" crane designed to move up the tower was installed in each leg. By 1918, it had become a symbol of Paris and of France after Guillaume Apollinaire wrote a nationalist poem in the shape of the tower (a calligram) to express his feelings about the war against Germany. The sparkly lighting continued for 18 months until July 2001. [82], As one of the most iconic landmarks in the world, the Eiffel Tower has been the inspiration for the creation of many replicas and similar towers. "[11], Some of the protesters changed their minds when the tower was built; others remained unconvinced. Eiffel was to receive all income from the commercial exploitation of the tower during the exhibition and for the next 20 years. [25], There was still work to be done, particularly on the lifts and facilities, and the tower was not opened to the public until nine days after the opening of the exposition on 6 May; even then, the lifts had not been completed. Although some visitors could be expected to climb to the first level, or even the second, lifts clearly had to be the main means of ascent. 1 Quai de Grenelle, In an interview with the newspaper Le Temps published on 14 February 1887, Eiffel said: Is it not true that the very conditions which give strength also conform to the hidden rules of harmony? La SETE est une SPL (Société Publique Locale). No primeiro andar, além do restaurante 58 Tour Eiffel, está uma pequena exposição sobre a história de Gustava Eiffel e da própria torre. The cars were replaced, and a computer system was installed to completely automate the lifts. Each car only travelled half the distance between the second and third levels and passengers were required to change lifts halfway by means of a short gangway. Its base is square, measuring 125 metres (410 ft) on each side. The sparkling lights were turned on again on 21 June 2003, and the display was planned to last for 10 years before they needed replacing. Tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France, This article is about the landmark in Paris, France. Depending on the ambient temperature, the top of the tower may shift away from the sun by up to 18 cm (7 in) due to thermal expansion of the metal on the side facing the sun.[62]. The original lifts for the journey between the second and third levels were supplied by Léon Edoux. La tour Eiffel 5 avenue Anatole France - Champ de Mars - 75007 Paris. The City had planned to tear it down (part of the original contest rules for designing a tower was that it should be easy to dismantle) but as the tower proved to be valuable for communication purposes, it was allowed to remain after the expiry of the permit. No drilling or shaping was done on site: if any part did not fit, it was sent back to the factory for alteration. [94] However, it could also be used to restrict the publication of tourist photographs of the tower at night, as well as hindering non-profit and semi-commercial publication of images of the illuminated tower.[95]. A Torre Eiffel (em francês: Tour Eiffel, /tuʀ ɛf ɛ l/) é uma torre treliça de ferro do século XIX localizada no Champ de Mars, em Paris, a qual se tornou um ícone mundial da França. [97] The tower also lost its standing as the world's tallest tower to the Tokyo Tower in 1958 but retains its status as the tallest freestanding (non-guyed) structure in France. La Clef Tour Eiffel Paris, Paris: Veja 474 avaliações, 388 fotos e ótimas promoções para La Clef Tour Eiffel Paris, classificado como nº 414 de 1.852 hotéis em Paris e com pontuação 4,5 de 5 no Tripadvisor. [44] When visiting Paris, Hitler chose to stay on the ground. Will it not also be grandiose in its way? Therefore, SETE may be unable to claim copyright on photographs of Paris which happen to include the lit tower. Se você estiver visitando nossa versão não-inglesa e quiser ver a versão em inglês de Société d'exploitation de la Tour Eiffel, por favor, role até o fundo e verá o significado de Société d'exploitation de la Tour Eiffel em inglês. Hôtel de la Tour Eiffel aceita estes cartões e reserva-se o direito de reter um valor temporariamente no seu cartão antes da chegada. [citation needed], Gustave Eiffel engraved on the tower the names of 72 French scientists, engineers and mathematicians in recognition of their contributions to the building of the tower. Smaller sprockets at the top guided the chains.[22]. The apartment has a kitchen, two bedrooms, a lounge, and views of Paris landmarks including the Seine, the Sacre Coeur, and the Arc de Triomphe. 01 44 11 23 46, Email : [90] As a result, the SNTE alleges that it is illegal to publish contemporary photographs of the lit tower at night without permission in France and some other countries for commercial use. The visible work on-site was complemented by the enormous amount of exacting preparatory work that took place behind the scenes: the drawing office produced 1,700 general drawings and 3,629 detailed drawings of the 18,038 different parts needed. When the Allies were nearing Paris in August 1944, Hitler ordered General Dietrich von Choltitz, the military governor of Paris, to demolish the tower along with the rest of the city. The deadline for bids was extended but still no French companies put themselves forward, and eventually the contract was given to Otis in July 1887. [23] At the same time the lift in the north pillar was removed and replaced by a staircase to the first level. The top level's upper platform is 276 m (906 ft) above the ground – the highest observation deck accessible to the public in the European Union. Ver disponibilidade Pormenores Por favor, note que o pequeno-almoço é servido numa sala de chá localizada a 1 minuto a pé, das 07:30h às 11:00h. After dark, the tower was lit by hundreds of gas lamps, and a beacon sent out three beams of red, white and blue light. One week after the Eiffel Tower’s reopening, the West elevator renewed its operation today, carrying visitors up to the 2nd floor. Although construction involved 300 on-site employees,[15] only one person died, due to Eiffel's safety precautions and the use of movable gangways, guardrails and screens. During its construction, the Eiffel Tower surpassed the Washington Monument to become the tallest man-made structure in the world, a title it held for 41 years until the Chrysler Building in New York City was finished in 1930. Eiffel was similarly unworried, pointing out to a journalist that it was premature to judge the effect of the tower solely on the basis of the drawings, that the Champ de Mars was distant enough from the monuments mentioned in the protest for there to be little risk of the tower overwhelming them, and putting the aesthetic argument for the tower: "Do not the laws of natural forces always conform to the secret laws of harmony? In 1910, Father Theodor Wulf measured radiant energy at the top and bottom of the tower. Each shoe was anchored to the stonework by a pair of bolts 10 cm (4 in) in diameter and 7.5 m (25 ft) long. The west and north legs, being closer to the river Seine, were more complicated: each slab needed two piles installed by using compressed-air caissons 15 m (49 ft) long and 6 m (20 ft) in diameter driven to a depth of 22 m (72 ft)[16] to support the concrete slabs, which were 6 m (20 ft) thick. For the 1900 Exposition Universelle, the lifts in the east and west legs were replaced by lifts running as far as the second level constructed by the French firm Fives-Lille. 6.804.649 estiveram aqui. Additionally, there is a champagne bar at the top of the Eiffel Tower. [56] In 2004, the Eiffel Tower began hosting a seasonal ice rink on the first level. The Court of Cassation, France's judicial court of last resort, upheld the ruling in March 1992. However, Eiffel and his team – experienced bridge builders – understood the importance of wind forces, and knew that if they were going to build the tallest structure in the world, they had to be sure it could withstand them. Phone : 01 44 11 23 46. [81] This restaurant was sold to an American restaurateur and transported to New York and then New Orleans. Famous visitors to the tower included the Prince of Wales, Sarah Bernhardt, "Buffalo Bill" Cody (his Wild West show was an attraction at the exposition) and Thomas Edison. Welcome to the Eiffel Tower official page! The org chart of SETE - Société d’Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel - contains its 20 main executives incluindo Patrick Branco Ruivo. [68], The arrangement of the lifts has been changed several times during the tower's history. The tower is 324 metres (1,063 ft) tall, about the same height as an 81-storey building, and the tallest structure in Paris. Two searchlights mounted on a circular rail were used to illuminate various buildings of the exposition. It opened in 1894 and is 158.1 m (518 ft) tall. [15], At first, the legs were constructed as cantilevers, but about halfway to the first level construction was paused in order to create a substantial timber scaffold. From 1937 until 1981, there was a restaurant near the top of the tower. ", "Do night photos of the Eiffel Tower violate copyright? [91][92], The imposition of copyright has been controversial. [15] Those for the east and south legs were straightforward, with each leg resting on four 2 m (6.6 ft) concrete slabs, one for each of the principal girders of each leg. [22] Roux, Combaluzier & Lepape used a pair of endless chains with rigid, articulated links to which the car was attached. A budget for the exposition was passed and, on 1 May, Lockroy announced an alteration to the terms of the open competition being held for a centrepiece to the exposition, which effectively made the selection of Eiffel's design a foregone conclusion, as entries had to include a study for a 300 m (980 ft) four-sided metal tower on the Champ de Mars. And for twenty years … we shall see stretching like a blot of ink the hateful shadow of the hateful column of bolted sheet metal.[8]. At 2:35 pm, Eiffel hoisted a large Tricolour to the accompaniment of a 25-gun salute fired at the first level. [citation needed], Maintenance of the tower includes applying 60 tons of paint every seven years to prevent it from rusting. [5] Eiffel initially showed little enthusiasm, but he did approve further study, and the two engineers then asked Stephen Sauvestre, the head of company's architectural department, to contribute to the design. [34] From 1925 to 1934, illuminated signs for Citroën adorned three of the tower's sides, making it the tallest advertising space in the world at the time. La Tour Eiffel a été construite en à peine vingt-deux mois. The mayor of Blackpool, Sir John Bickerstaffe, was so impressed on seeing the Eiffel Tower at the 1889 exposition that he commissioned a similar tower to be built in his town. The rope mechanism of the north tower can be seen as visitors exit the lift. When firemen arrived, he stopped after the sixth jump. [36], On two separate but related occasions in 1925, the con artist Victor Lustig "sold" the tower for scrap metal. Sauvestre added decorative arches to the base of the tower, a glass pavilion to the first level, and other embellishments. The most recent, devised in 2004 after letters sent by Eiffel to the French Society of Civil Engineers in 1885 were translated into English, is described as a non-linear integral equation based on counteracting the wind pressure on any point of the tower with the tension between the construction elements at that point. The design of the Eiffel Tower is attributed to Maurice Koechlin and Émile Nouguier, two senior engineers working for the Compagnie des Établissements Eiffel. Notamment de moderniser les installations, les espaces d'accueil et les services offerts aux visiteurs, tout en respectant une démarche de développement durable et en maintenant un haut niveau de sécurité. SETE (Société d’Exploitation de la tour Eiffel - The Eiffel Tower Operator) is a local public company. [67], In May 2016, an apartment was created on the first level to accommodate four competition winners during the UEFA Euro 2016 football tournament in Paris in June. [41], Upon the German occupation of Paris in 1940, the lift cables were cut by the French. [76] The tower is the most-visited paid monument in the world. On 17 November, an improved 180-line transmitter was installed. [65] In the years since it was completed, engineers have put forward various mathematical hypotheses in an attempt to explain the success of the design. Graffitists were also catered for: sheets of paper were mounted on the walls each day for visitors to record their impressions of the tower. French doctrine and jurisprudence allows pictures incorporating a copyrighted work as long as their presence is incidental or accessory to the subject being represented,[96] a reasoning akin to the de minimis rule. Welcome to the Eiffel Tower official page! Hackett was arrested by the police. Eiffel was accused of trying to create something artistic with no regard to the principles of engineering. [citation needed] The Fives-Lille lifts in the east and west legs, fitted in 1899, were extensively refurbished in 1986. In preparation for the June 25, 2020, reopening of Eiffel Tower visits, the Société d'Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel (SETE) announces that its online ticket office will open on June 18, 2020, at 10:00 am. [38] A bust of Gustave Eiffel by Antoine Bourdelle was unveiled at the base of the north leg on 2 May 1929. Welcome to the Eiffel Tower's official website. This restaurant has one star in the Michelin Red Guide. On 12 May, a commission was set up to examine Eiffel's scheme and its rivals, which, a month later, decided that all the proposals except Eiffel's were either impractical or lacking in details. He later established a separate company to manage the tower, putting up half the necessary capital himself.[7]. [52], For its "Countdown to the Year 2000" celebration on 31 December 1999, flashing lights and high-powered searchlights were installed on the tower. Bienvenue sur le site officiel de la SETE La Société d’Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel entretient, exploite et anime la tour Eiffel, dans le cadre d’un contrat de délégation de service public avec la Mairie de Paris. Eiffel openly acknowledged that inspiration for a tower came from the Latting Observatory built in New York City in 1853. The Eiffel Tower is the most-visited paid monument in the world; 6.91 million people ascended it in 2015. [46] In 1964, the Eiffel Tower was officially declared to be a historical monument by the Minister of Cultural Affairs, André Malraux. The foundations were completed on 30 June, and the erection of the ironwork began. [64] All parts of the tower were over-designed to ensure maximum resistance to wind forces. This reservoir also provided power to the lifts to the first level. Locally nicknamed "La dame de fer" (English for "Iron Lady"), it was constructed from 1887 to 1889 as the entrance to the 1889 World's Fair, it was initially criticised by some of France's leading artists and intellectuals for its design, but it has become a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognisable structures in the world. Address : On 20 November 1913, the Paris Observatory, using the Eiffel Tower as an aerial, exchanged wireless signals with the United States Naval Observatory, which used an aerial in Arlington, Virginia. In all, 18,038 pieces were joined together using 2.5 million rivets. The plan was allegedly vetoed by the company operating the tower out of fear that the French government could refuse permission for the tower to be restored in its original location.[49]. The tower has been used for making radio transmissions since the beginning of the 20th century. The car was divided into two superimposed compartments, each holding 25 passengers, with the lift operator occupying an exterior platform on the first level. [51] On 27 October 1991, Thierry Devaux, along with mountain guide Hervé Calvayrac, performed a series of acrobatic figures while bungee jumping from the second floor of the tower. [32] Just two years later, on 4 February 1912, Austrian tailor Franz Reichelt died after jumping from the first level of the tower (a height of 57 m) to demonstrate his parachute design. The average journey time between levels is 1 minute. There was also a pâtisserie. Failure to respond to these fields will make it impossible to process your application. Conforme a apuração, a cadeira em que ela estava apresentou defeito. [12] Because the lifts were not yet in operation, the ascent was made by foot, and took over an hour, with Eiffel stopping frequently to explain various features. Until the 1950s, sets of aerial wires ran from the cupola to anchors on the Avenue de Suffren and Champ de Mars. Toutes les informations pratiques pour venir à la Tour Eiffel, acheter un billet (tarifs : 16 à 25 € maximum pour les adultes et 4 à 12,5 € pour les enfants et les jeunes), découvrir le monument ou l'actualité de la tour Eiffel Prior to the Eiffel Tower's construction, no structure had ever been constructed to a height of 300 m, and many people believed it was impossible. Two 1:3 scale models can be found in China, one in Durango, Mexico that was donated by the local French community, and several across Europe.[85]. [77] An average of 25,000 people ascend the tower every day which can result in long queues.[78]. An early example is Blackpool Tower in England. Eiffel made use of his apartment at the top of the tower to carry out meteorological observations, and also used the tower to perform experiments on the action of air resistance on falling bodies.[30]. The object of the transmissions was to measure the difference in longitude between Paris and Washington, D.C..[87] Today, radio and digital television signals are transmitted from the Eiffel Tower. SETE significa Société d'exploitation de la Tour Eiffel. [53], The lights sparkled blue for several nights to herald the new millennium on 31 December 2000. Welcome to the Eiffel Tower official page! Bienvenue sur la page officielle de la tour Eiffel ! [88] In June 1990 a French court ruled that a special lighting display on the tower in 1989 to mark the tower's 100th anniversary was an "original visual creation" protected by copyright. [26] Eiffel invited Edison to his private apartment at the top of the tower, where Edison presented him with one of his phonographs, a new invention and one of the many highlights of the exposition. ", "Elevator Systems of the Eiffel Tower, 1889", Istituto Statale Italiano Leonardo Da Vinci, Musée de Cluny – Musée national du Moyen Âge, Jiangsu Nanjing Broadcast Television Tower, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eiffel_Tower&oldid=991856329, Buildings and structures in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, Michelin Guide starred restaurants in France, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2016, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz place identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Spare transmission mast for longwave; insulated against ground, This page was last edited on 2 December 2020, at 04:15.