The Latin word basilica derives from Ancient Greek: βασιλική στοά, romanized: basilikè stoá, lit. Dans le cas des plus grandes basiliques, la colonnade du rez-de-chaussée est surmontée d'une deuxième colonnade, voire d'une troisième, qui supporte les murs percés de fenêtres. Ruins of the 10th century Church of Achillius of Larissa, on the eponymous island of Agios Achilleios, Mikra Prespa. [7] Modern tradition instead associates the incident with an open-air inscribed bema in the forum itself. Espaces architecturaux, bâtiments et ensembles, Portail de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme, https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Basilique_civile&oldid=176328604, Portail:Architecture et urbanisme/Articles liés, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. [14] Remains of the great basilica and its arches were discovered during the construction of Leadenhall Market in the 1880s. [24] Its dedicatory inscriptions include the names of women who contributed to the building and were its major patrons, as well as men's names. [...] leurs fonctions dans la Basilique qui lui est dédiée, [...] et accorde son aide et son réconfort à tous les fidèles et aux pèlerins qui, avec une dévotion sincère, se rendent dans le lieu saint élevé en mémoire de son martyre, pour raviver leur foi et invoquer sa protection sur leur chemin de sanctification et sur l'engagement de l'Eglise, pour la diffusion de l'Evangile dans le monde contemporain. Corona Update : 23 October 2020. The Basilica Ulpia was composed of a great central nave with four side aisles, two on each side of the nave. Hall church: All vaults are almost on the same level. Amphorae discovered at basilicas attest their economic uses and can reveal their position in wider networks of exchange. [31] The foundations are as much as 8 m deep. [65] This policy itself encouraged many tribes to favour the Persian cause, especially after the death in 569 of the Ghassanid Kingdom's Miaphysite king al-Harith ibn Jabalah (Latin: Flavius Arethas, Ancient Greek: Ἀρέθας) and the 584 suppression by the Romans of his successors' dynasty.[65]. 'hidden'), a space under the church floor beneath the altar. Like non-Christian or civic basilicas, basilica churches had a commercial function integral to their local trade routes and economies. Elle peut accueillir 60 000 personnes et comprend 27 chapelles richement décorées. Contrairement aux basiliques médiévales et modernes, les basiliques antiques n'ont pas de fonctions religieuses. [3] They were simpler and smaller than were civic basilicas, and can be identified by inscriptions or their position in the archaeological context. Constantine's basilica at Trier, the Aula Palatina (AD 306), is still standing. [3], Long, rectangular basilicas with internal peristyle became a quintessential element of Roman urbanism, often forming the architectural background to the city forum and used for diverse purposes. Dans ce cas, les nefs latérales sont surmontées d'un étage qui constitue une galerie donnant sur l'espace central[7],[3]. [48][23] The Justinianic basilica replaced an earlier, smaller structure which Egeria had planned to visit in the 4th century, and remains of a 2,130 foot (650 m) aqueduct branch built to supply the complex with water probably dates from Justinian's reign. Après une brève visite à l'Appartement Pontifical, le Saint-Père a rencontré le Clergé de Rome réuni dans la Basilique … [24] The basilica was the first church of San Clemente al Laterano. In the 3rd century of the Christian era, the governing elite appeared less frequently in the forums. [66] The name of the modern site Qasr Serīj is derived from the basilica's dedication to St Sergius. [55][56] Cultural tourism thrived at Olympia and Ancient Greek religion continued to be practised there well into the 4th century. [28] The 6th century Anonymous pilgrim of Piacenza described a "a basilica built with a quadriporticus, with the middle atrium uncovered" at Hebron, while at Pécs and near Salona two ruined 5th buildings of debated interpretation might have been either roofless basilica churches or simply courtyards with an exedra at the end. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. [24] By 350 in Sofia (Serdica), a monumental basilica – the Church of Hagia Sophia – covered earlier structures including a Christian chapel, an oratory, and a cemetery dated to c. [38] The basilica already existed when Egeria passed through Chalcedon in 384, and in 436 Melania the Younger visited the church on her own journey to the Holy Land. The short sides of the structure formed apses, while the main entrance was via three doorways on the long east front overlooking the Forum of Trajan, which was one meter below the level of the Basilica. [48][61] The Ephesians' basilicas to St Mary and St John were both equipped with baptisteries with filling and draining pipes: both fonts were flush with the floor and unsuitable for infant baptism. [35], The original titular churches of Rome were those which had been private residences and which were donated to be converted to places of Christian worship. The building does not need to be a basilica in the architectural sense. [50] It had also been a centre of the Imperial cult of ancient Rome in Asia; Ephesus was three times declared Neocorate (Ancient Greek: νεωκόρος, romanized: neōkoros, lit. Finally visit the Basilica of St John Lateran, cathedral of the Bishop of Rome. [24] Imperial basilicas were first constructed for the Christian Eucharist liturgy in the reign of Constantine. [25], Basilica churches were not economically inactive. [65] After being mentioned in 828 and 936, the basilica at ʿAin Qenoye disappeared from recorded history, though it may have remained occupied for centuries, and was rediscovered as a ruin by Carsten Niebuhr in 1766. [35] After Constantine's failure to resolve the Donatist controversy by coercion between 317 and 321, he allowed the Donatists, who dominated Africa, to retain the basilica and constructed a new one for the Catholic Church. Clustered columns emphasised the "crossing" of the two axes. Après une brève visite à l'Appartement Pontifical, le Saint-Père a rencontré le Clergé de Rome réuni dans la Basilique … [21] New religions like Christianity required space for congregational worship, and the basilica was adapted by the early Church for worship. [57] In the 4th or 5th century, Nicopolis was surrounded by a new city wall.[57]. Recherches sur les origines de la Rome chrétienne : les églises romaines et leur rôle dans l'histoire et la topographie de la ville depuis la fin du monde antique jusqu'à la formation de l'État Pontifical ; essai d'urbanisme chrétien / René Vielliard. La Basilique Saint Pierre de Rome, est située au Vatican, dans l'Ouest de la ville. [24] However, because of its remote position from the Forum Romanum on the city's edge, it did not connect with the older imperial basilicas in the fora of Rome. Examples of such dedicatory inscriptions are known from basilicas at Lucus Feroniae and Veleia in Italy and at Cuicul in Africa Proconsolaris, and inscriptions of all kinds were visible in and around basilicas. [16] Also known as the Basilica Constantiniana, 'Basilica of Constantine' or Basilica Nova, 'New Basilica', it chanced to be the last civic basilica built in Rome. Le gouvernement romain est divisé en trois éléments que sont le Sénat , les magistrats et les assemblées, élus pour un an , … Watch Queue Queue [7], The emperor Trajan constructed his own imperial forum in Rome accompanied by his Basilica Ulpia dedicated in 112. [33] Churches were nonetheless basilican in form, with an apse or tribunal at the end of a nave with two or more aisles typical. basilique Saint Jean de Latran n. Basilica of Saint John Lateran. [73], Type of building in classical and church architecture, This article is about a form of building. La lutte des plébéiens pour l'égalité "Nous sommes citoyens, comme les patriciens. [60] Various mosaics and sculptural decorations have been found there, and while the city suffered from the Ostrogoths in 479 and an earthquake in 518, ceasing to be a major city thereafter, it remained a bishopric until the end of the 7th century and the Basilica of Philip had its templon restored in the 8th century.[60]. From the early 4th century, Christian basilicas, along with their associated catacombs, were used for burial of the dead. EMBED (for wordpress.com hosted blogs and archive.org item tags) Want more? Le mot continue de désigner des édifices religieux d'une importance particulière, sans pour autant remplir les fonctions d'une cathédrale, qui bénéficient de privilèges particuliers[13]. [7], The remains of a large subterranean Neopythagorean basilica dating from the 1st century AD were found near the Porta Maggiore in Rome in 1915, and is known as the Porta Maggiore Basilica. [52] This monastery was the administrative centre of the Pachomian order where the monks would gather twice annually and whose library may have produced many surviving manuscripts of biblical, Gnostic, and other texts in Greek and Coptic. A newer episcopal basilica was built by the bishop Philip atop the remains of the earlier structure, and two further basilicas were within the walls. Plan de la basilique Ulpia sur la Forma Urbis. Hagia Sophia, Serdica (Sofia), built 4th–8th centuries. In the nave was a bema, from which Scripture could be read, and which were inspired by the equivalent in synagogues and regularised by the Church of Antioch. [3], The largest basilica built outside Rome was that built under the Antonine dynasty on the Byrsa hill in Carthage. The plays were composed between 210 and 184 BC and refer to a building that might be identified with the Atrium Regium. > Basilique de Saint Pierre de Rome - Image de Ωméga * @ Flick ; Il raconte: « La restauration de la grande coupole de la basilique Saint-Pierre, en particulier le tambour, a commencé le 2 septembre 2019 avec le montage de l'échafaudage. La basilique romaine qui apparaît au cours du IIe siècle av. [31] Another, shallower apse with niches for statues was added to the centre of the north wall in a second campaign of building, while the western apse housed a colossal acrolithic statue of the emperor Constantine enthroned. [12] At Londinium however, there was probably no temple at all attached to the original basilica, but instead a contemporary temple was constructed nearby. Opposite the northern apse on the southern wall, another monumental entrance was added and elaborated with a portico of porphyry columns. [26] On the exterior, basilica church complexes included cemeteries, baptisteries, and fonts which "defined ritual and liturgical access to the sacred", elevated the social status of the Church hierarchy, and which complemented the development of a Christian historical landscape; Constantine and his mother Helena were patrons of basilicas in important Christian sites in the Holy Land and Rome, and at Milan and Constantinople. By extension the name was applied to Christian churches which adopted the same basic plan and is used as an architectural term to describe such buildings. Ce type d'édifice, offrant un vaste espace abrité et dégagé, acquiert une importance particulière à partir du début du IIe siècle av. À Rome, les tribuns de la plèbe tiennent leurs audiences dans la basilique Porcia et le tribunal des … [22] Conversely, new basilicas often were erected on the site of existing early Christian cemeteries and martyria, related to the belief in Bodily Resurrection, and the cult of the sacred dead became monumentalised in basilica form. L'auteur Polemius Silvius, qui écrit au milieu du Ve siècle av. [31], In the early 4th century Eusebius used the word basilica (Ancient Greek: βασιλική, romanized: basilikḗ) to refer to Christian churches; in subsequent centuries as before, the word basilica referred in Greek to the civic, non-ecclesiastical buildings, and only in rare exceptions to churches. [6] At Volubilis, principal city of Mauretania Tingitana, a basilica modelled on Leptis Magna's was completed during the short reign of Macrinus. Les Sept Basiliques de Rome: Ou Visite Des Sept Eglises, ... | Marie Theodore Renouard Bussierre (Vico | ISBN: 9781277874112 | Kostenloser Versand für alle Bücher mit Versand und Verkauf duch Amazon. [42] Pope Vigilius fled there from Constantinople during the Three-Chapter Controversy. Aisleless church with wallside pilasters, a barrel-vault and upper windows above lateral chapels. [39] The Council of Chalcedon (8–31 October 451) was held in the basilica, which must have been large enough to accommodate the more than two hundred bishops that attneded its third session, together with their translators and servants; around 350 bishops attended the Council in all. In late antiquity, church buildings were typically constructed either as martyria, or with a basilica's architectural plan. Originally, a basilica was an ancient Roman public building, where courts were held, as well as serving other official and public functions. Justinianic Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem, after 529. [8] Because they were able to hold large number of people, basilicas were adopted for Christian liturgical use after Constantine the Great. [13] It probably had arcaded, rather than trabeate, aisles, and a double row of square offices on the northern side, serving as the administrative centre of the colonia, and its size and splendour probably indicate an imperial decision to change the administrative capital of Britannia to Londinium from Camulodunum (Colchester), as all provincial capitals were designated coloniae. [64] Nearby the Church of Hagia Sophia, is a vaulted burial chamber with Christian painted decoration. [18] The basilica was built together with a forum of enormous size and was contemporary with a great complex of public baths and a new aqueduct system running for 82 miles (132 km), then the longest in the Roman Empire. [53] In the 5th century, basilicas with two apses, multiple aisles, and doubled churches were common, including examples respectively at Sufetula, Tipasa, and Djémila. Dans la Rome antique, la basilique suit la même évolution que la stoa grecque et, initialement prévue comme espace public à l'abri des intempéries, elle finit par se spécialiser dans certaines activités, essentiellement judiciaires, toutes les basiliques romaines servant pour l'administration de la justice[1]. [15][3] Trajan's Forum (Latin: forum Traiani) was separated from the Temple of Trajan, the Ulpian Library, and his famous Column depicting the Dacian Wars by the Basilica. In the later 4th century, other Christian basilicas were built in Rome: Santa Sabina, and St Paul's Outside the Walls (4th century), and later St Clement (6th century). 'courtyard') and the atria and triclinia of élite Roman dwellings. [16] The vault was supported by brick latticework ribs (Latin: bipedalis) forming lattice ribbing, an early form of rib vault, and distributing the load evenly across the vault's span. A noter qu'elle n'est pas la cathédrale de Rome puisque c'est Saint Jean de Latran qui assure cette fonction. [31] Fragments of this statue are now in the courtyard of the Palazzo dei Conservatori on the Capitoline Hill, part of the Capitoline Museums. [33] A narthex (sometimes with an exonarthex) or vestibule could be added to the entrance, together with an atrium, and the interior might have transepts, a pastophorion, and galleries, but the basic scheme with clerestory windows and a wooden truss roof remained the most typical church type until the 6th century. Drawing of the 5th century Church of the Acheiropoietos by Charles Texier, 1864. Des boutiques (tabernae) sont parfois associées aux basiliques romaines, qui s'ouvrent sur l'extérieur comme pour la basilique Aemilia (tabernae novae), ou sur l'intérieur comme pour la basilique Julia[4]. L'intérieur de la basilique est divisée en plusieurs nefs par des rangées de colonnes simples ou doubles. Par la suite, le terme « basilique » a aussi désigné une église catholique distinguée par le pape, parce qu'elle était le lieu d'un pèlerinage. [23] Traditional monumental civic amenities like gymnasia, palaestrae, and thermae were also falling into disuse, and became favoured sites for the construction of new churches, including basilicas. 310. [24] Within was a rectangular assembly hall with frescoes and at the east end an ambo, a cathedra, and an altar. They now tended to dominate their cities from opulent palaces and country villas, set a little apart from traditional centers of public life. [24], In the late 4th century the dispute between Nicene and Arian Christianity came to head at Mediolanum (Milan), where Ambrose was bishop. 'warden of a temple') and had constructed a Temple of the Sebastoi to the Flavian dynasty. La Basilique - Droit canonique, pastorale et politique, de l'Antiquité au XXIe siècle (Cerf-Patrimoine) | Ouattara, Michel | ISBN: 9782204138901 | Kostenloser Versand für … [2] At Sardis, a monumental basilica housed the city's synagogue, serving the local Jewish diaspora. [62], The mid-6th century Bishop of Poreč (Latin: Parens or Parentium; Ancient Greek: Πάρενθος, romanized: Párenthos) replaced an earlier 4th century basilica with the magnificent Euphrasian Basilica in the style of contemporary basilicas at Ravenna. Old St Peter's, Rome, as the 4th-century basilica had developed by the mid-15th century, in a 19th-century reconstruction, St John in the Lateran is both an architectural and an ecclesiastical basilica, Romanesque basilica of nowadays Lutheran Bursfelde Abbey in Germany, Chester Cathedral in England, a Gothic style basilica, St. Sebald's in Nuremberg has a basilical nave and a hall choir. [3] Another early example is the basilica at Pompeii (late 2nd century BC). The first great Imperially sponsored Christian basilica is that of St John Lateran, which was given to the Bishop of Rome by Constantine right before or around the Edict of Milan in 313 and was consecrated in the year 324.