Returning to the previous example, when the astronauts first give the declarative that the island they are standing upon is a country called “Atlur,” they could have equally used any other name and still produced a true statement. I said this lead to research, deduction, speculation and whimsy; let me provide an example of each. Hence, we may take the sentence, (2) Sherlock Holmes is a detective who lives on 221B Baker Street, (2*) There is a possible world W1 in which Sherlock Holmes is a detective who lives on 221B Baker Street.[39]. Sherlock is the quintessence of the Private detective. Le Chat des Adams Le Cheval dans la prairie Le Chien des Baskerville La Poule de mon voisin. The town and the falls are known worldwide as the setting for a fictional event: it is the location where Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's hero, Sherlock Holmes, fights to the death with Professor Moriarty, at the end of "The Final Problem", first published in 1893. Doyle himself said that his inspiration was a former teacher, Dr. Joseph Bell, but Bell said that Holmes was a creation of Doyle’s own gifts and training. What matter if I hold my readers?”. How did “nuts” and “bananas” come to mean “crazy”? Over 10 million ePub/PDF/Audible/Kindle books covering all genres in our book directory. Sherlock Holmes est à la littérature policière ce que James Bond est au film d’espionnage : un modèle du genre. While I am convinced that fictional objects have their reference fixed by declaratives, I am uncertain as to what sort of thing fictional objects really are. [17] Inwagen, “Creatures of Fiction,” 305. October 2017 marks the 125th anniversary of the first Sherlock Holmes book, The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes – a collection of 12 short stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. In contrast, I think it makes more sense to think of creatures of fiction as mental objects, and that these objects are the subject of reference. Don’t Just See, Observe! The only relevant fact is that they do in fact designate a name for the island, and whatever name they pick, it is automatically true (at the moment of naming) that the island is called that name. From the introduction to the first volume (1998) of The Sherlock Holmes Reference Library: “The Sherlock Holmes stories fascinate. 2 (1976): 134-139. Harrison, Michael, In the Footsteps of Sherlock Holmes, Cassel & Co. Ltd, London, 1958, Klinger, Leslie S. (editor), The Sherlock Holmes Reference Library, Gasogene Books, Indianapolis, currently being published in separate volumes, beginning in 1998, Starrett, Vincent, The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes (revised), University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1960, SDStaff Dex, Straight Dope Science Advisory Board. So Meyer’s book is more than two great personalities getting together to “talk about cocaine”–it’s a mystery story. But on Inwagen’s account, what feature of a creature of fiction allows him to similarly say that it too bears an intimate relationship to certain physical properties? [27] In contrast, creatures of fiction are clearly existentially dependent, for if no person ever conceived of Sherlock Holmes, he would never have existed. Although we commonly take these propositions to all be true, at least one of them must be false since they are logically inconsistent. Follow the traditional Kripkean account, possible worlds are simply abstract logical devices. The piece of paper and ink only becomes currency when persons define it as such. He resurrected Holmes in “The Empty House,” set in 1894, with an explanation of how Holmes hadn’t really plunged off the waterfall after all. Légende ou réalité ? Watson tricks Holmes into visiting Sigmund Freud and submitting himself to treatment. The most plausible explanation, it seems, is that Jared knows his use of the word “sunset” accurately describes the world, whereas Bill falsely believes that his use of the word “sunset” accurately describe the world, and these two epistemic statuses are key in determining what these two speakers intend to assert: Jared does not intend to assert that sunsets exist because he knows that they do not, whereas Bill does assert this because he falsely believes that sunsets do exist. One of the more wonderful ideas is found in a science fiction story by H. Beam Piper and John J. McGuire entitled “The Return,” about an isolated community which had maintained a thriving society for two centuries after an atomic war. But this strategy does not seem to work for (2) and (3) since, by hypothesis, the name “Sherlock Holmes” does not pick out a particular individual in the world, and so there is nothing in the world for the statements to correspond to. [1] In what follows, I will use these terms interchangeably. Thus, when we express statements such as (4) in quantifier idiom, it is incorrect to assume that our language commits us to the existence of characters, just as it is incorrect to assume that Jared’s exclamation has committed him to the existence of sunsets. Every year brings new Sherlock Holmes movies, TV shows, or board games. Sherlock Holmes est une des plus grandes figures de la culture populaire et son seul nom est synonyme de mystère policier, de brouillard londonien et de crimes énigmatiques. I have never striven for it and I have made some bad mistakes in consequence. I’m going to break your question in two parts: (1) Who was Sherlock Holmes? We can now answer the question of what Doyle fixes the reference of “Sherlock Holmes” to when he makes a fictional assertive. Watson’s memory was often faulty. [39] For a similar solution, see Graham Priest, Towards Non-Being. Les Peaky Blinders ont-ils existé ? [31] Jay E Bachrach, “Fictional Objects in Literature and Mental Representations,” British Journal of Aesthetics 31, no. Typically, we take it that a statement is true so long as it corresponds to reality. It is also known that in his younger years, Holmes attended at least one of the country's leading universities ... though it cannot be ascertai… But our analysis of (2) as (2*) is certainly no solution, for we end up having to explain our theory of fictional objects by appealing to yet another abstract object. Meaning and Speech Acts Volume 1: Principles of Language Use. Qui a inspiré Sherlock Holmes ? Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories. (C1) Therefore, there are such things as characters. The public demanded more stories. [18] For a similar argument, see Alvin Plantinga, The Nature of Necessity (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988), 149-159. Sherlock Holmes est une des plus grandes figures de la culture populaire et son seul nom est synonyme de mystère policier, de brouillard londonien et de crimes énigmatiques. Des milliers de livres avec la livraison chez vous en 1 jour ou en magasin avec -5% de réduction ou téléchargez la version eBook. Sherlock Holmes a-t-il réellement existé ? Donald Davidson and Gilbert Harman (Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1973), 290-293. Gamp is fond of gin’ and be talking about a theoretical entity of criticism without thereby predicating fondness for gin of that theoretical entity of criticism.”[38]. THOUGH THE SDSAB DOES ITS BEST, THESE COLUMNS ARE EDITED BY ED ZOTTI, NOT CECIL, SO ACCURACYWISE YOU'D BETTER KEEP YOUR FINGERS CROSSED. The book you mention, The Seven-Per-Cent Solution by Nicholas Meyer (1974), is also fictional. Prior to its establishment, “Atlur” was an empty name since it had no reference or content. But there is more than time and space and the yearning of things gone by to account for what we feel toward Sherlock Holmes. (ii) Sherlock Holmes was six feet tall, excessively lean, and had sharp piercing eyes and a thin hawk-like nose. But there’s more to it than that. [25] Though Kripke does not make this distinction explicitly, it is certainly implicit in his theory of naming. Non. Sherlockians often apply Holmes’s own reasoning and deductive techniques when trying to date an adventure. Designed by Stephen Raw. Though fictional assertives appear identical to real assertives, they differ in their lack of reference and truth-evaluability.[22]. [4] Closely related to fictional assertives are literary descriptives which are statements made by speakers other than the author and are about fictional objects that have already been written about. [30] A similar story may be told about fictional assertives as well: for any name x that Doyle picks for his character, it is true, at the moment of naming, that the character is called x. Other subjects of continuing speculation include: Who were the Baskervilles and where is their hall? Why are the websites confusing on this issue? Pour eux, les choses sont claires : Sherlock Holmes à bel et bien existé et Conan Doyle n'était que l'agent littéraire du docteur Watson, biographe du détective londonien. The description of clothing implies mild weather, so he looks for two sequential warm clear days between Monday, October 17 and Thursday, October 20, 1887. Sherlock Holmes smoking a pipe, surrounded by famous story titles. [10] Along with Inwagen, I employ Quinean ontology with respect to existential quantification and hence make no distinction between “there exists” and “there is.”. C’est cette vie que nous avons voulu faire redécouvrir, sous la forme d’une véritable biographie. Thus, the abstract Sherlock Holmes bears an intimate relationship to the Sherlock Holmes in W1 who is predicated these properties. Characters are very curious things indeed. They proceed to play the game using exactly the same set of moves that their respective 1994 counterparts used. Mais alors, comment est-on passé du professeur d’université à l’infaillible détective ? If you’ve not read Sherlock Holmes in a long time, or have never had the pleasure, I heartily recommend him. (P4) (4*) commits us to the view that there are such things as characters. Depuis 1887, Sherlock Holmes est le détective privé par excellence. JoJo’s Bizarre Adventure n’aurait pas existé sans Sherlock Holmes. The point is to pretend that Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson were real, that Watson wrote the stories reporting actual events, and that Conan Doyle was merely Watson’s literary agent. par Marine. [6] Inwagen, “Creatures of Fiction,” 303. [12] Inwagen, “Creatures of Fiction,” 302. Quine, “On What There Is,” in From a Logical Point of View: 9 Logico-philosophical Essays (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1961), 13. A STAFF REPORT FROM THE STRAIGHT DOPE SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD. But souls do have the property of animating a body, and thus bear an intimate relationship to concrete properties. In “The Final Problem,” published in December 1893 but set in 1891, Holmes encountered Professor Moriarty, the Napoleon of crime, in a mutually fatal showdown at Reichenbach Falls in Switzerland. Next, Watson mentions that he opened the morning paper, so the date was not a Sunday; thus the case must have begun the next Monday through Thursday. What’s the origin of the skull and crossbones pirate flag? Most of the tales are narrated in the first person by Holmes’s equally fictitious friend and companion, Dr. John H. Watson. There are journals that publish research and speculations and articles, all under the assumption that Holmes and Watson really existed. If he states, “That is a beautiful sunset,” his statement is, committed, by custom in his community, to the existence of sunsets even though he intends to not be committed. [33] Inwagen defines this relation of ascription “x is ascribed to y in z,” symbolised by the three-term predicate A(x, y, z), where x is a property, y is a creature of fiction, and z is a work of fiction or a place in that work (for example, Chapter 2). Essentially, one applies Holmes’s own methods to analyzing the stories, trying to explain the inconsistencies, fill the gaps, and identify the other characters and events. Attacking Hume’s Argument Against the Causal Maxim, An Objection to Nozick’s Experience Machine and a New Model of Axiology, Does Sherlock Holmes Exist? Watson seems to have had a complete disregard for the calendar. Take the following meta-fictional sentence given by Inwagen: (4) “There are characters in some 19th-century novels who are presented with a greater wealth of physical detail than is any character in any 18th-century novel.”[9], Meta-fictional statements like this are quite common in literary criticism, and they all seem to assert the existence of characters. Les exploits de Sherlock Holmes ont été traduits dans le monde entier, ils ont été adaptés de multiples fois au théâtre, à la télévision, en BD et au cinéma. Question 5. So, the Web seems to turn up evidence on both sides of the real/fiction argument, eh? Why would someone write a book mixing two outstanding and contrasting personalities for the sole reason of having them discuss cocaine?
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