[citation needed], In his autobiography, Beria mentions only his sister and his niece, implying that his brother was (or any other siblings were) dead or had no relationship with Beria after he left Merkheuli. Join Facebook to connect with Lavrenti Beria and others you may know. When Stalin fell unconscious again, Beria immediately stood and spat. Lawrenti Beria wurde 1899 als Sohn einer armen mingrelischen Bauernfamilie bei Sochumi in Abchasien geboren. Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria (/ˈbɛriə/; Russian: Лавре́нтий Па́влович Бе́рия, IPA: [ˈbʲerʲiə]; Georgian: ლავრენტი ბერია, romanized: lavrent'i beria, IPA: [bɛriɑ]; 29 March [O.S. Lavrenti Pavlovich Beria, the head of Joseph Stalin 's dreaded secret police apparatus, was born in Merkheuli, Russia, on March 29, 1899. Simon Russell Beale played Beria in the 2017 satirical film The Death of Stalin.[62]. [5] Beria also had a brother (name unknown), and a deaf sister named Anna. [26] Stalin's suspicion of doctors in the wake of the Doctors' Plot was well known at the time of his sickness; his private physician was already being tortured in the basement of the Lubyanka for suggesting the leader required more bed rest. The NKVD ensured the necessary security for the project. Yakovlev, A.N., Naumov, V., and Sigachev, Y. Born to a poor peasant family in Georgia Lavrenthi Beria was ambitious since his young days. An ethnic Mingrelian (a small nation closely-related to Georgians), during the Russian Civil War (1918-1921) he specialized in spying and undercover operations for the Bolsheviks in neighboring Azerbaijan. In the following months, Abakumov started carrying out important operations without consulting Beria, often working in tandem with Zhdanov, and on Stalin's direct orders. Beria (DEMOCRATIE TOTALITARISME) | Thom, Françoise | ISBN: 9782204101585 | Kostenloser Versand für alle Bücher mit Versand und Verkauf duch Amazon. On 13 January 1953, the biggest anti-Semitic affair in the Soviet Union started with an article in Pravda – it began what became known as the Doctors' plot, in which a number of the country's prominent Jewish physicians were accused of poisoning top Soviet leaders and arrested. [64], Georgian chief of Soviet secret police under Stalin, "Beria" redirects here. [21] Starting in 1948, Abakumov initiated several investigations against these leaders, which culminated with the arrest in November 1952 of Rudolf Slánský, Bedřich Geminder, and others in Czechoslovakia. [52], Women also submitted to Beria's sexual advances in exchange for the promise of freedom for imprisoned relatives. März 1899 Tout-puissant chef de la police soviétique, Lavrenti Pavlovitch Beria a été pendant de longues années le bras droit de Staline. He later officially joined the Politburo in 1946. Zhdanov had served as the Communist Party leader in Leningrad during the war, and by 1946 had charge of all cultural matters. In the uneasy silence following the cessation of Stalin's last agonies, Beria was the first to dart forward to kiss his lifeless form (a move likened by Sebag-Montefiore to "wrenching a dead King's ring off his finger"). During his years at the helm of the Georgian OGPU, Beria effectively destroyed the intelligence networks that Turkey and Iran had developed in the Soviet Caucasus, while successfully penetrating the governments of these countries with his agents. [12] The NKVD was purged next, with half of its personnel replaced by Beria loyalists, many of them from the Caucasus. Beria was the longest-lived and most influential of Stalin's secret police chiefs, wielding his most substantial influence during and after World War II. The enraged Beria declared, "Now it's not a bouquet, it's a wreath! [54], Stalin, and other high-ranking Soviets, expressed distrust of Beria. Shortly after Stalin's death, Beria announced triumphantly to the Politburo that he had "done [Stalin] in" and "saved [us] all", according to Molotov's memoirs. [63], In 2012, his alleged personal diary from 1938 to 1953 was published in Russia. Märzjul./ 29. Order of Victory), as he did for most other Soviet Marshals. [30] Alliluyeva noticed how the Politburo seemed openly frightened of Beria and unnerved by his bold display of ambition. Lavrentij Pavlovítsj Beria (Лавре́нтий Па́влович Бе́рия á kyrillísku letri; ლავრენტი პავლეს ძე ბერია á georgísku) (29. mars 1899 – 23. desember 1953) var sovéskur stjórnmálamaður, hermarskálkur Sovétríkjanna og lengi formaður leyniþjónustunnar NKVD í stjórnartíð Jósefs Stalín. He was born on March 29 (March 17 according to the Julian calendar), 1899, to a poor Megrel (an ethnic group of Georgians) family in the village of Merkheuli, … Beria is the central character in Good Night, Uncle Joe by Canadian playwright David Elendune. In 1953, Nikita Krushchev ordered Beria to be executed as a traitor. Lavrentiy Beria was a brutal Head of the Soviet NKVD/KGB (Secrete Political Police) during 1938-1953. [56] The Russian government acknowledged Sarkisov's handwritten list of Beria's victims in 2003; the victims' names will be released in 2028. [40], Khrushchev opposed the alliance between Beria and Malenkov but he was initially unable to challenge them. In 1919, at the age of twenty, Beria started his career in state security when the security service of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic hired him while he was still a student at the Polytechnicum. Accounts of Beria's fall vary considerably. The "Doctors' plot" was presumably invented by Stalin as an excuse to dismiss Beria and replace him with Ignatyev or some other MGB functionary. 3 at Donskoi Monastery Cemetery in Moscow. With Stalin gone, Beria quickly came to an understanding with Georgi Malenkov, an old ally, and was given the combined ministries of State Security and Internal Affairs, which put him in control of both the secret and the regular police as well as a small private army of infantry divisions. These operations were aimed by Stalin – initially tangentially, but with time more directly – at Beria. Sarkisov reported that after one woman rejected Beria's advances and ran out of his office, Sarkisov mistakenly handed her the flowers anyway. Beria was a depraved sadist who personally tortured and killed many people. By the most likely account, Khrushchev prepared an elaborate ambush, convening a meeting of the Presidium on 26 June, where he suddenly launched a scathing attack on Beria, accusing him of being a traitor and spy in the pay of British intelligence. Beria, who went on to run the Soviet network of slave-labour camps, was notorious for his sadistic enjoyment of torture and his taste for beating and raping women and violating young girls. 1 History 1.1 Early Life 1.2 Political Career 2 See also Beria was born in Merkheuli, near Sukhum, in the Sukhum district of Kutaisi governorate of modern Georgia (then part of Imperial Russia). In 1953, Nikita Krushchev ordered Beria to be executed as a traitor. [53], According to official testimony, in Soviet archives, of Colonel Rafael Semyonovich Sarkisov and Colonel Sardion Nikolaevich Nadaraia – two of Beria's bodyguards – on warm nights during the war Beria was often driven around Moscow in his limousine. Individul a fost atât de malefic, încât faptele sale frizează incredibilul. Beria is a minor character in the 2009 novel The Hundred-Year-Old Man Who Climbed Out the Window and Disappeared by Jonas Jonasson. [citation needed]. [37][38], To consolidate power, Beria also took steps to recognise the rights of non-Russian nationalities. Later, Beria returned to Georgia to work for the Soviet secret police, known as the Cheka – the Extraordinary Commission. He used the opportunity to settle many old scores in the politically turbulent Transcaucasian republics. The veteran Molotov and others chimed in against Beria and Khrushchev put a motion for his instant dismissal. In 1945, Beria attended the Yalta Conference with Stalin, who introduced him to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt as "our Himmler". Accounts of what happened vary considerably, but it seems that Beria’s downfall was engineered by Nikita Khrushchev, secretary to the Party Central Committee, who quietly secured the support of other powerful figures, including Malenkov and a number of generals. [61], Beria was played by British actor Bob Hoskins in the 1991 film Inner Circle, and by David Suchet in Red Monarch. In the 1964 science fiction novel by Arkady and Boris Strugatsky, Hard to Be a God, Beria is personified in the character Don Reba who serves as the king's minister of defence. Lawrenti Beria (georgisch ლავრენტი ბერია; russisch Лаврентий Павлович Берия /Lawrenti Pawlowitsch Berija; wiss. That prompted a "frantic" dash for their own limousines to intercept him at the Kremlin. [41][42][43] Beria said of East Germany "It's not even a real state but one kept in being only by Soviet troops."[44]. With Stalin's approval, Beria's NKVD executed them in what became known as the Katyn massacre. Sur fond de l’entourage stalinien, Lavrenti Beria apparaissait scandaleusement lumineux. He took control of the manufacture of armaments, and (with Georgy Malenkov) aircraft and aircraft engines. Eventually, he ordered Sarkisov to destroy the list as a security risk, but Sarkisov retained a secret copy. Lavrentij Pavlovitj Berija; georgisk: ლავრენტი ბერია, tr. Beria is a significant character in the alternate history/alien invasion novel series Worldwar by Harry Turtledove as well as the Axis of Time series by John Birmingham. The cost of the war still weighed heavily on the Soviet economy. When the death sentence was passed, according to General Moskalenko, Beria fell to the floor and begged on his knees for mercy. Stalin, who was also seeking to undermine Beria, was thrilled by the detailed records kept by Sarkisov, demanding: "Send me everything this asshole writes down! 1"), which built and tested a bomb by 29 August 1949. [22][page needed], Stalin's aide Vasili Lozgachev reported that Beria and Malenkov were the first members of the Politburo to see Stalin's condition when he was found unconscious. After being arrested, he was tried for treason and other offenses, sentenced to death, and executed on 23 December 1953. By 1938, however, the oppression had become so extensive that it was damaging the infrastructure, economy and even the armed forces of the Soviet state, prompting Stalin to wind the purge down. In 1951, Abakumov was replaced by Semyon Ignatyev, who further intensified the anti-Semitic campaign. He was a member of the Georgian Mingrelian ethnic group and grew up in a Georgian Orthodox family. He was also an important character in the 2013 Russian mini-series Kill Stalin, produced by Star Media. Pravda did not announce Beria's arrest until 10 July, crediting it to Malenkov and referring to Beria's "criminal activities against the Party and the State". He joined the Bolshevik wing of the Communist Party in 1917 and was active in Stalin's native Georgia during the October 1917 Revolution. The Polytechnicum's curriculum concentrated on the petroleum industry. During this time, he began to attack fellow members of the Georgian Communist Party, particularly Gaioz Devdariani, who served as Minister of Education of the Georgian SSR. [citation needed], When Beria finally realised what was happening and plaintively appealed to Malenkov (an old friend) to speak for him, Malenkov silently hung his head and pressed a button on his desk. Et s'il est exact (faudrait sourcer) qu'i… La bande sonore est de Gilbert Courtois. In the 1958 CBS production of "The Plot to Kill Stalin" for Playhouse 90, Beria was portrayed by E. G. Marshall. He was a member of the Georgian Mingrelian ethnic group and grew up in a Georgian Orthodox family. [46] Beria was executed separately; he allegedly pleaded on his knees before collapsing to the floor wailing. In 1919 he graduated from the Baku Polytechnical School for Mechanical Construction. His mother was a deeply religious woman and had a great impression on him as a child. [47] He was shot through the forehead by General Pavel Batitsky. Central Intelligence Agency, Office of Current Intelligence. He cemented his place in Stalin's entourage with a lengthy oration titled, "On the History of the Bolshevik Organisations in Transcaucasia" (later published as a book), which emphasised Stalin's role. Beria bore a ruthless character but he was extremely intelligent and manipulative. Er besuchte eine polytechnische Schule in Baku und war in einem illegalen marxistischen Studienkreis als Schatzmeister tätig.. Geheimdienstler in Aserbaidschan und Georgien. Beria’s men were guarding the Kremlin, so the officers had to wait until nightfall before smuggling him out in the back of a car. en After the death of Stalin and Lavrentiy Beria, the preparations for the trial were stopped and the arrested persons were released. Accounts of Beria's fall vary considerably. Beria angrily dismissed his claims as panic-mongering and quickly left, ordering him, "Don't bother us, don't cause a panic and don't disturb Comrade Stalin! Au Politburo, la chose était connue de tous : Lavrenti est un homme à femmes, ne rate pas une jupe. Beria's mother, Marta Ivanovna, was a deeply religious, church-going woman (she spent so much time in church that she died there); she was previously married and widowed before marrying Beria's father, Pavel Khukhaevich Beria, a landowner fr… Millions of innocent Soviet citizens were killed by NKVD police rulled by Beria. In the 1992 HBO movie Stalin, Roshan Seth was cast as Beria. [citation needed], As "der Kleine Große Mann" Beria appears as the lover of one of the leading characters, Christine, in the 2014 novel Das achte Leben (Für Brilka) (translated as The Eighth Life (For Brilka)) by Nino Haratischwili. [27], Khrushchev wrote in his memoirs that Beria had, immediately after Stalin's stroke, gone about "spewing hatred against [Stalin] and mocking him". It was not a quality he had shown to others, and it was not now shown to him. The first page of Beria's notice (oversigned by Stalin), to kill approximately 15,000 Polish officers and some 10,000 more intellectuals in the Katyn Forest and other places in the Soviet Union Nestor Lakoba, Nikita Khrushchev, Lavrenti Beria and Aghasi Khanjian during the opening of the Moscow Metro in 1936. He questioned the traditional policy of Russification and encouraged local officials to assert their own identities. After Stalin's death in March 1953, Beria became First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers and head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In 1919 he graduated from the Baku Polytechnical School for Mechanical Construction. Lavrenti Pavlovitš Beria (gruusia ლავრენტი ბერია, vene Лаврентий Павлович Берия; 29. märts (vkj 17. märts) 1899 Merheuli, Suhhumi ringkond, Khuthaisi kubermang – 23. detsember 1953 Moskva) oli Nõukogude Liidu riigitegelane, Nõukogude Liidu marssal (9. juuli 1945 – 31. detsember 1953), Jossif Stalini lähemaid kaastöölisi Nõukogude Liidu juhtkonnas. [citation needed], Evidence suggests that Beria also murdered some of these women. After 1946, Beria formed an alliance with Malenkov to counter Zhdanov's rise. In 1944, as Russia had repelled the German invasion, Beria was placed in charge of the various ethnic minorities accused of anti-sovietism and/or collaboration with the invaders, including the Balkars, Karachays, Chechens, Ingush, Crimean Tatars, Kalmyks, Pontic Greeks, and Volga Germans.
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